WEST FLORIDA COMMUNITY BUILDERS, INC., A/K/A CREATIVE DESIGN HOME BUILDERS, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
JOHN R. MITCHELL AND KATHY A. MITCHELL, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES

Fla. 2d DCA | 1988-07-22
No. 88-175
CAMPBELL, C.J., and THREADGILL, J., concur.
528 So. 2d 979 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1988) Positive Treatment
Cited by 9 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

A homebuilder appeals a summary judgment finding it liable for cracks appearing three years after selling a house to the Mitchells. The court reversed, holding that genuine issues of material fact existed regarding whether the builder caused the defects or whether they resulted from natural soil settlement occurring after the sale.


Holding

The court held that summary judgment was improper because genuine issues of material fact existed regarding both whether West supplied fill to the lot and whether the quality of the land required fill. The builder presented a viable defense that the cracking resulted from post-sale natural soil settlement, which would be outside the scope of the implied warranty of habitability.


Headnotes

[1] A party moving for summary judgment before the opposing party has filed an answer bears an extremely high burden to demonstrate the absence of any genuine issue of materi…

[2] A builder-vendor has a responsibility to examine the stability of a construction site and determine the appropriate foundation, and failure to do so constitutes a breach…

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Key Quotes

“While it was permissible for the Mitchells to move for summary judgment at that time, their burden to show the absence of any genuine issue of material fact was extremely high.”

Establishes the heightened burden required when moving for summary judgment before the defendant has filed its answer and affirmative defenses.

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Facts & Procedural History

West Florida Community Builders sold a house and lot to the Mitchells in 1982. In 1987, approximately three years later, serious cracks appeared in th…

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Opinion of the Court
SCHEB, Judge.

SCHEB, Judge.

West Florida Community Builders, a builder-vendor of house and lot packages, appeals a summary judgment finding it liable for sudden cracking defects in a three-year-old house it sold to the Mitchells. West argues that at the time summary judgment was granted, there existed genuine issues of material fact. We agree.

The Mitchells purchased a house and lot from West in 1982. In 1987, they filed suit against West alleging breach of contract, negligence, and breach of implied warranty. The thrust of the Mitchells’ complaint was that about three years after the purchase of their home, serious cracks appeared. While their complaint alleges breach of contract, negligence, and breach of implied warranty, the argument before the trial court and here focuses on the implied warranty allegation.

The summary judgment was granted before West had filed its answer and affirmative defenses. While it was permissible for the Mitchells to move for summary judgment at that time, their burden to show the absence of any genuine issue of material fact was extremely high. At this stage it was incumbent upon them to establish that no answer that West could properly serve or affirmative defense it might raise could present such an issue. Settecasi v. Board of Public Instruction of Pinellas County, 156 So. 2d 652 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963). The Mitchells failed to carry that burden.

At the hearing on the Mitchells’ motion, they presented affidavits, depositions, and letters of experts, including HUD, who suggested that the cracking had been caused by poor fill rather than by natural settlement of the earth. West countered by submitting an affidavit of its president that West did not supply any structural fill to the Mitchells’ lot. We believe the affidavits and depositions create a genuine issue of material fact not only as to whether West supplied fill but whether or not the quality of the land required fill. This court held in Hesson v. Walmsley Construction Co., 422 So. 2d 943, 945 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982), that it is the responsibility of the builder to examine the stability of the site and determine the appropriate kind of foundation to install. Failure to do so will be a breach of the builder-vendor’s implied warranty of habitability.

As we explained in Hesson, “the implied warranty extends only to conditions in existence at the time of sale, as it would be unfair to hold a builder-vendor liable for defects caused by conditions occurring subsequent to sale, e.g., natural catastrophes, such as earth tremors and sink holes.” Id. at 945. In her deposition West’s president testified that her company’s investigation revealed that one of the possible causes of the cracking was the natural settling of the subsurface soils. Therefore, West has a potential defense in claiming that the cracking was the result of post-building fluctuations in the subsurface conditions of the Mitchells’ lot.

While it is true that no one, including West’s president, suggests that the Mitch-ells caused the damage, that does not rule out the possibility that West was not at fault. Therefore, the Mitchells have not negated conclusively West’s possible defenses and were thus not entitled to summary judgment as to West’s liability.

Accordingly, we vacate the summary judgment and remand to the trial court for further proceedings.

CAMPBELL, C.J., and THREADGILL, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • …ainty that no answer which the defendant might properly serve could present a genuine issue of fact.” Settecasi v. Bd. of Pub. Instruction of Pinellas County, 156 So. 2d 652, 654 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963); see also W. Fla. Cmty. Builders, Inc. v. Mitchell, 528 So. 2d 979, 980 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988) (holding that when plaintiffs move for summary judgment before the defendant files an answer, “it [is] incumbent upon them to establish that no answer that [the defendant] could properly serve or affirmative defense it might…
  • Getman v. Tracey Constr., Inc., 62 So. 3d 1289 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011)
    …(Fla. 2d DCA 2010) (quoting BAC Funding Consortium Inc. ISAOA/ATIMA v. Jean-Jacques, 28 So. 3d 936, 938 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)). The standard is extremely high and the plaintiff’s burden is extremely heavy. See W. Fla. Cmty. Builders, Inc. v. Mitchell, 528 So. 2d 979, 980 (Fla.1988); Brakefield v. CIT Group/Consumer Finance, Inc., 787 So. 2d 115, 116 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001). During the hearing in the present case, counsel for Getman argued that the pleadings were still open and that summary judgment would be inappro…
  • ST. Tropez II v. Adlerov, 50 So. 3d 40 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010)
    …material fact was extremely high [and] ... it was incumbent upon them to establish that no answer that [the Developer] could properly serve or affirmative defense it might raise could present such an [*42] issue.” W. Fla. Cmty. Builders v. Mitchell, 528 So. 2d 979, 980 (Fla.1988); Beach Higher Power Corp. v. Granados, 717 So. 2d 563, 565 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998) (“The burden for such a movant ... is extremely heavy in that ‘the movant must demonstrate conclusively and to a certainty from the record that the defenda…

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