CORVALAN

v.

COOK INCORPORATED

S.D. Fla. | 2023-07-06

No. 23-cv-22503

District Court, S.D. Florida (2023) Positive Treatment

Cited by 3 cases

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Holding

The court held that the plaintiff's complaint failed to sufficiently allege diversity jurisdiction because it did not state the citizenship of all members of the defendant limited liability company.

Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiff filed a complaint alleging diversity jurisdiction against several defendants, including Cook Medical, LLC. The complaint stated the plaintif…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

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Topics

Citizenship Of Unincorporated Entities Limited Liability Company Citizenship Of Corporations Citizenship Of Limited Liability Companies

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Opinion of the Court

THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon a sua sponte review of Plaintiff Raphael Corvalan’s Complaint, ECF No. . For the reasons discussed below, the above-styled case is dismissed without prejudice. Federal courts are “‘empowered to hear only those cases within the judicial power of the United States as defined by Article III of the Constitution,’ and which have been entrusted to them by a jurisdictional grant authorized by Congress.” Univ. of S. Ala. v. Am. Tobacco Co., 168 F. 3d 405, 409 (11th Cir. 1999) (quoting Taylor v. Appleton, 30 F. 3d 1365, 1367 (11th Cir. 1994)).

As such, a “district court may act sua sponte to address the issue of subject matter jurisdiction at any time.” Herskowitz v. Reid, 187 F. App’x 911, 912-13 (11th Cir. 2006).

Further, “once a federal court determines that it is without subject matter jurisdiction, the court is powerless to continue.” Univ. of S. Ala., 168 F. 3d at 410. District courts have diversity jurisdiction over cases in which the parties are completely diverse and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00. 28 U.S.C. § 1332. “For a court to have diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a), ‘all plaintiffs must be diverse from all defendants.’” First Home Bank v. Net Zero LLC, No. 3:20-cv-150-J-34MCR, 2020 WL 802518, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 18, 2020) (quoting Univ. of S. Ala., 168 F. 3d at 412)). “The burden of pleading diversity of citizenship is upon the party invoking federal jurisdiction, and if jurisdiction is properly challenged, that party also bears the burden of proof.” Ray v. Bird & Son & Asset Realization Co., 519 F. 2d 1081, 1082 (5th Cir. 1975).1

“[F]or the purposes of establishing diversity jurisdiction, an unincorporated business association or entity, such as a general or limited partnership or a limited liability company, is not a ‘citizen’ under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) in its own right.” First Home Bank, 2020 WL 802518, at *2 (citing Xaros v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co., 820 F. 2d 1176, 1181 (11th Cir. 1987)). Rather, the longstanding rule is that “the citizenship of an artificial, unincorporated entity generally depends on the citizenship of all the members composing the organization.” Rolling Greens MHP, L.P. v. Comcast SCH Holdings LLC, 374 F. 3d 1020, 1021 (11th Cir. 2004) (citing Carden v. Arkoma Assocs., 494 U.S. 185, 195-96 (1990)).

With regard to the existence of diversity jurisdiction, “a limited partnership is a citizen of each state in which any of its partners, limited or general, are citizens.” Id. (citing Carden, 494 U.S. at 195-96). “Therefore, in order to sufficiently allege the citizenship of an unincorporated business entity, a party must list the citizenships of all the members of that entity.” First Home Bank, 2020 WL 802518, at *2 (citing Rolling Greens MHP, L.P., 374 F. 3d 1022). Further, “a corporation shall be deemed to be a citizen of every State and foreign state by which it has been incorporated and of the State or foreign state where it has its principal place of business[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(c)(1).

Thus, to sufficiently allege the citizenship of a limited liability company, “a party must list the citizenships of all the members of the limited liability company.” Mallory & Evans Contrs. & Eng’rs, LLC v. Tuskegee Univ., 663 F. 3d 1304, 1305 (11th Cir. 2011). Here, the Complaint does not allege the citizenships of all the members of the Plaintiff. If the party invoking the court’s jurisdiction fails to adequately do so, as Plaintiff has failed to do here, it cannot satisfy its burden of establishing diversity of citizenship. Rolling Greens MHP L.P., 374 F. 3d at 1022. As a result, the allegations in the Complaint are insufficient to confer subject matter jurisdiction in this case under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). Case No. 23-cv-22503-BLOOM/Otazo-Reyes

Accordingly, it is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED as follows:

1. The Complaint, ECF No. , is DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.

2. Plaintiff may file an Amended Complaint correcting the deficiency noted above no later than July 13, 2023. DONE AND ORDERED in Chambers at Miami, Florida, on July 6, 2023.

BETH BLOOM

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Copies to: Counsel of Record

Footnotes

1 In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F. 2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981), the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit adopted as binding precedent all decisions of the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit issued prior to October 1, 1981. On July 5, 2023, Plaintiff, an individual, filed a Complaint against multiple Defendants including Cook Medical, LLC. ECF No. . The Complaint alleges that diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1) is the basis of subject matter jurisdiction. Id. ¶ 11. The Court proceeds to consider whether the allegations in the Complaint are sufficient to allege diversity jurisdiction. The Complaint alleges that Plaintiff is an individual who is a citizen of Miami-Dade County, Florida. Id. ¶ 1. The Complaint further alleges the Indiana citizenship of the three incorporated Defendants, Cook Incorporated, Cook Medical Incorporated, and Cook Group Incorporated. Id. ¶¶ 2-5. The Complaint further alleges that the fourth Defendant, Cook Medical, LLC “was and is an Indiana limited liability corporation authorized and/or doing business in the state of Florida.” Id. ¶ 5. Those allegations are insufficient to plead proper subject matter jurisdiction on the basis of diversity jurisdiction. The Eleventh Circuit has held on numerous occasions that, “[f]or the purpose of determining diversity jurisdiction, a limited liability company is a citizen of any state of which a member of the company is a citizen.” Flintlock Constr. Servs. v. Well-Come Holdings, LLC, 710 F. 3d 1221, 1224 (11th Cir. 2013).

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Trisura Specialty Ins. Co. v. Off the Traxx, LLC. (M.D. Fla. 2024)

…order to establish the diversity of parties, the requisite allegations regarding the citizenship of each member of the LLC should affirmatively appear on the face of the complaint. See, e.g., First Home Bank v. Net Zero LLC, No. 3:20-CV-150-J-34MCR, 2020 WL 802518, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 18, 2020); MBI Servs., LLC v. Apex Distrib. LLC, No. 21-CV-20975, 2021 WL 980947, at *2 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 15, 2021); Kersey v. Prudential Ins. Agency, LLC, No. CV 15- 14186-GAO, 2017 WL 5162006, at *6 (D. Mass. Feb. 3, 2017) (“[…
Lanza v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc (S.D. Fla. 2025)

…amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00. 28 U.S.C. § 1332. “For a court to have diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a), ‘all plaintiffs must be diverse from all defendants." First Home Bank v. Net Zero LLC, No. 3:20-cv-150-J-34MCR, 2020 WL 802518, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 18, 2020) (quoting Univ. of S. Ala., 168 F.3d at 412). Where the district court finds that complete diversity is lacking between the parties, it must remand the matter to state court. See CSDVRS, LLC v. Purple Commc’ns, Inc.,…

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Portes v. City of Doral (S.D. Fla. 2025)

…in controversy exceeds $75,000.00. 28 U.S.C. § 1332. “For a court to have diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a), ‘all plaintiffs must be diverse from all defendants.” First Home Bank v. Net Zero LLC, No. 3:20-cv-150-J-34MCR, 2020 WL 802518, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 18, 2020) (quoting Univ. of S. Ala. v. Am. Tobacco Co., 168 F.3d 405, 412 (11th Cir. 1999)). “The burden of pleading diversity of citizenship is upon the party invoking federal jurisdiction, and if jurisdiction is…

1 / 3

Authorities Cited

Bonner v. City OF Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir. 1981)
Rolling Greens MHP, L.P. v. Comcast SCH Holdings L.L.C., 374 F.3d 1020 (11th Cir. 2004)
Taylor v. Appleton, 30 F.3d 1365 (11th Cir. 1994)
Carden v. Arkoma Assocs., 494 U.S. 185 (U.S. 1990)
Constantinos Xaros v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co. & Darin & Armstrong, Inc., 820 F.2d 1176 (11th Cir. 1987)
RAY v. Bird & SON & Asset Realization Co., Inc., 519 F.2d 1081 (5th Cir. 1975)
Mallory & Evans Contractors & Eng'rs, LLC v. Tuskegee Univ., 663 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2011)

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CORVALAN v. COOK INCORPORATED