E.B., A CHILD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1989-01-06
No. 87-2148
FRANK, A.C.J., and PARKER, J., concur.
537 So. 2d 148 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1989) Caution
Cited by 24 cases

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Holding

The court held that the evidence was insufficient to support convictions for loitering and prowling and possession of burglary tools.


Headnotes

[1] Conviction for loitering and prowling requires proof that the defendant was acting in a manner unusual for a law-abiding individual under circumstances that warrant a jus…

[2] Behavior constituting loitering and prowling must imminently threaten the safety of persons or property.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellant and a friend were stopped by an officer while riding bicycles late at night. A search revealed a wrench on appellant and bolt cutters on his…

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Opinion of the Court
THREADGILL, Judge.

THREADGILL, Judge.

Appellant alleges that his convictions for loitering and prowling and possession of a burglary tool are not supported by the evidence. We agree and reverse.

The circumstances surrounding the arrest for loitering and prowling are as follows. Appellant and a friend were riding bicycles at approximately 2:45 a.m. When they saw an officer behind them, they abruptly turned and almost lost control of their bikes. The officer signaled them to stop, and asked them what they were doing in the area. They initially refused to identify themselves, but then did so, although appellant at first gave a false name. They told the officer they had gotten lost on their way home. A pat-down search of appellant produced a wrench and a pair of bolt cutters was found on his friend. The officer arrested them for loitering and prowling and possession of burglary tools.

Conviction under section 856.021, Florida Statutes (1987) requires proof that: (1) the defendant was loitering or prowling in a place, at a time, or in a manner unusual for a law-abiding individual under (2) circumstances that warrant a justifiable and reasonable alarm or concern for the safety of persons or property in the vicinity. In considering the second element, courts have found that the behavior must imminently threaten the safety of persons or property. State v. Ecker, 311 So. 2d 104 (Fla.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1019, 96 S.Ct. 455, 46 L.Ed.2d 391 (1975).

In this case, the state argues that the fact that the boys were on the street at that hour, coupled with their abrupt right hand turn upon seeing the officer, was sufficient to justify their detention. Then, because their explanation for their presence was not convincing and they pos sessed the tools in question, the standard of proof for this offense was met.

We find that the detention of the boys was not justified. In Patmore v. State, 383 So. 2d 309 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980), this court overturned a conviction for loitering and prowling where a defendant ran from the police who observed him drop what turned out to be a bag of marijuana. Similarly, in L.C. v. State, 516 So. 2d 95 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987), an officer stopped a juvenile whom he observed riding a bicycle through a shopping center parking lot and looking into store windows after hours. He also saw the youth push on the door of a closed department store. The juvenile had no reasonable explanation for his presence. Because there was no evidence that the circumstances elicited an alarm or amounted to an imminent threat to the safety of residents or property, the appellate court reversed his conviction for loitering and prowling.

Here, the officer stopped the boys because they were riding bicycles in the early morning hours and turned abruptly when they saw him. It is undisputed that they did not attempt to elude the officer once he signaled them to stop. Subsequently, tools were discovered and the boys initially failed to identify themselves. This conduct does not satisfy the two elements of loitering and prowling. To establish this offense, it must be shown beyond a reasonable doubt that the boys were loitering in a manner unusual for law abiding individuals and that their actions warranted an alarm or concern for the safety of either persons or property in the area. D.A. v. State, 471 So. 2d 147 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985). Moreover, failure to provide identification is not an element of the charged offense. State v. Rash, 458 So. 2d 1201 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). While the statute gives a suspect an opportunity to explain his presence and conduct, the criminal conduct must be completed prior to any action by the police officers.

In addition, the tools found on the boys do not give rise to a suspicion of imminent criminal activity. There must be an immediate threat to persons or property in the area in order to justify an arrest for this offense. State v. Ecker, 311 So. 2d 104. Because the state failed to establish the two elements of loitering and prowling, appellant’s conviction is reversed.

Likewise, appellant’s conviction for possession of burglary tools must be reversed. Appellant was in possession of a wrench which he stated that he used to tighten a loose screw on his bicycle wheel. The officer stated he believed appellant until he found the bolt cutters on his friend. The state offered no evidence that appellant intended to use the tool to commit a burglary. Thomas v. State, 531 So. 2d 708 (Fla.1988). Therefore, the conviction for possession of burglary tools is reversed.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

FRANK, A.C.J., and PARKER, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (12 total)

  • E.C. v. State, 724 So. 2d 1243 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
    …ion of the twelve-inch screwdriver gives support to a suspicion of imminent criminal activity after the fact. However, the offense of loitering and prowling must be completed prior to any police action. See R.D.W., 659 So. 2d at 1194; E.B. v. State, 537 So. 2d 148, 150 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989) (tools found on juveniles after the police stopped them for loitering and prowling did not give rise to a suspicion of imminent criminal activity). Therefore, we conclude that the trial court erred in denying the motion for…
  • K.R.R. v. State, 629 So. 2d 1068 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
    …it’s at a location where there’s been a reported crime I find that he is guilty of loitering and prowling, there’s been no reasonable explanations for his presence. We conclude that the trial court erred. Under section 856.021(1) and E.B. v. State, 537 So. 2d 148,149 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989), a conviction requires proof that: (1) the defendant was loitering or prowling in a place, at a time, or in a manner unusual for a law-abiding individual under (2) circumstances that warrant a justifiable and reasonable alarm…
  • J.S.B. v. State, 729 So. 2d 456 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)
    …Further, because the crime is a misdemeanor, the elements of the offense must occur in the officer’s presence, see K.R.R. v. State, 629 So. 2d 1068 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994), and the elements must be completed prior to any police action, see E.B. v. State, 537 So. 2d 148 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989). The facts presented by the State did not demonstrate that J.S.B.’s actions constituted an imminent breach of the peace or a threat to public safety. Therefore, the State failed to establish a prima facie case under section 856.0…

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