KENNETH YOST, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Kenneth Yost was convicted of felony DWI and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed the conviction, finding that the jury instruction on the statutory presumption of intoxication violated due process by improperly shifting the burden of proof to the defendant, and that the trial court committed additional reversible errors by admitting privileged statements and excluding relevant evidence regarding habitual traffic offender status.
The conviction must be reversed because the jury instruction on the statutory presumption of intoxication creates an unconstitutional mandatory rebuttable presumption that violates due process by relieving the state of its burden to prove impairment beyond a reasonable doubt. The trial court also reversibly erred by admitting the defendant's privileged statements and by excluding relevant evidence of habitual traffic offender status, which is relevant to penalty enhancement under the DWI statute.
[1] A jury instruction on the presumption of intoxication, which creates a mandatory rebuttable presumption of impairment, violates due process by relieving the state of its…
[2] Statements made by a driver to an investigating officer at the scene of an accident regarding alcohol consumption are privileged and inadmissible under section 316.066(4)…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“such instruction creates an unconstitutional mandatory rebuttable presumption of impairment in that it offends the requirement of due process by relieving the state of its burden to prove this essential element beyond a reasonable doubt”
Establishes the primary basis for reversal—the statutory presumption of intoxication violates due process
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceYost was driving at a high rate of speed, ran a red light, and struck another vehicle, injuring a passenger. Evidence showed he smelled of alcohol, ha…
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DOWNEY, Judge.
This is a timely appeal from a judgment of conviction and departure sentence of five years’ imprisonment for the offense of felony DWI, in violation of section 316.-1931, Florida Statutes (1985).
Appellant has presented six points on appeal. The first point, based upon the constitutionality of the DWI statute, requires reversal. However, we will mention several of the other points that require reversal in the event the Supreme Court of Florida ultimately upholds the constitutionality of the DWI statute, section 316.-1934(2)(c), Florida Statutes (1985).
It appears that appellant was driving a motor vehicle at a high rate of speed when it entered an intersection through a red light and struck another vehicle causing physical injuries to a passenger in said vehicle. There was evidence that appellant smelled of alcohol; that his speech was slurred and his gait unsteady; and that an analysis of a sample of his blood showed the presence of .24 grams of alcohol per milliliter of blood. However, there was other evidence that appellant appeared coherent and the officer at the scene did not believe there was probable cause to arrest appellant for DWI.
When the officer arrived at the scene and began conducting his investigation, he was directed to appellant by a witness and, as he approached appéllant, the latter advised him that he drank six to seven beers that evening, but that he was neither impaired nor at fault.
At trial, over appellant’s objection, the trial court instructed the jury on the presumption of intoxication set forth in section 316.1934(2)(c), Florida Statutes (1985).
This court previously held in Rolle v. State, 528 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988), that such instruction creates an unconstitutional mandatory rebuttable presumption of impairment in that it offends the requirement of due process by relieving the state of its burden to prove this essential element beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, we must reverse the judgment of conviction on authority of Rolle.
Next, we consider it to be reversible error for the trial court to allow, over objection, the testimony of the investigating officer that appellant advised him at the scene that he had consumed six or seven beers but was not impaired nor at fault. Such testimony violates section 316.066(4), Florida Statutes, making such statement privileged. Brackin v. Boles, 452 So. 2d 540 (Fla.1984).
Further, in an effort to preclude finding him an habitual traffic offender, appellant proffered the testimony of a supervisor of the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to prove that, on the date of the accident, the Department did not consider appellant an habitual of-fénder. The court considered such evidence irrelevant and denied the proffer. However, since section 316.1931 enhances the penalty for a violation of said statute if the person is an habitual traffic offender as defined in section 322.264, Florida Statutes (1985), that status appears to be very relevant. Also, since the determination thereunder of habitual offender status depends upon an accounting of points for infractions, etc., it has been held that administrative construction of the statute is entitled to great weight, though not conclusive. State Dept. of Highway Safety v. Meek, 468 So. 2d 993 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984).
In view of the foregoing, the judgment and sentence appealed from are reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial.
DELL, J., and MARTIN, KAREN L., Associate Judge, concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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Norstrom v. State, 587 So. 2d 1148 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991)…h statutory immunity only such statements and communications as the driver, owner, or occupant of a vehicle is compelled to make in order to comply with his or her statutory duty under section 316.-066(1) and (2). (emphasis added) In Yost v. State, 542 So. 2d 419 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989), this court, citing to Brackin, held it to be reversible error for the trial court to allow testimony of the investigating officer that appellant advised him at the scene that he had consumed six or seven beers. Admitting such te…
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Wilhelm v. State, 544 So. 2d 1144 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)…umption of impairment and thus violates the due process clause of both the United States and Florida constitutions. Miller v. Norvell, 775 F. 2d 1572 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1126, 106 S.Ct. 1995, 90 L.Ed.2d 675 (1986); Yost v. State, 542 So. 2d 419 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989); Frazier v. State, 530 So. 2d 986 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988); Rolle v. State, 528 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988). Constitutional error does not in every circumstance mandate reversal of a [*1146] conviction. Chapman v. California, 386…
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Alley v. State, 553 So. 2d 354 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989)…cident report phase of the investigation and, therefore, privileged and statutorily inadmissible. § 316.066(4), Fla.Stats. (1987). We conclude the trial judge committed reversible error by admitting appellant’s privileged statements. Yost v. State, 542 So. 2d 419 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989). There is substantial competent evidence to conclude the accident investigation phase continued until the officer gave appellant her Miranda warnings at the medical clinic. Brackin v. Boles, 452 So. 2d 540, 543 (Fla.1984). Appell…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Brackin v. Boles, 452 So. 2d 540 (Fla. 1984)
- Carlton Rolle v. State, 528 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988)
- State v. Meck, 468 So. 2d 993 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984)