JESUS AVILA, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The court held that the admission of the defendant's videotaped confession, obtained after he invoked his right to counsel, was reversible error.
[1] Once an accused has unequivocally invoked their right to counsel, all further interrogation must cease.
[2] The erroneous admission of a videotaped confession cannot be deemed harmless error if there is a reasonable possibility that it affected the jury's verdict.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJesus Avila was arrested for DUI and gave incriminating statements after being repeatedly read his Miranda rights. Despite clearly invoking his right …
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PER CURIAM.
Jesus Avila appeals judgments of conviction on two counts of first-degree murder and one count of use of a firearm in the commission of a felony. For the following reasons, we reverse and remand for a new trial.
The record reveals that on the evening of March 24, 1987, Avila was identified at the scene as the driver of a vehicle involved in a hit-and-run accident. The investigating officer placed Avila under arrest for DUI, at which time Avila gave his name as either “Anobel” or “Anabal.” Officer Gerry Navarro arrived at the scene and read Avila his Miranda rights in Spanish but made no inquiries at that time. Avila was transported to a booking facility. During the course of booking Avila on the DUI charge, Officer Navarro asked him if he had given his real name. In response, Avila asked, “Do you want to know how much of a man I am?” Officer Navarro said, “Yeah, tell me how much of a man you are,” to which Avila replied, “My real name is Jesus Avila,” and “I am wanted for two murders.” An investigation revealed outstanding warrants. Avila again was advised of his Miranda rights.
A videotape of the DUI testing was begun. Avila at first refused to take any of the sobriety tests. He received Miranda rights for a third time, at which point he said that he would not talk without an attorney present. Notwithstanding Avi la’s clear request for counsel, the questioning continued, and Avila eventually confessed to “having killed two.”
Following the videotaping, Avila was arrested on the outstanding murder warrants. Avila’s motion to suppress his videotaped confession was denied; he was tried by a jury for the murders of Fawn Coon and Thomas Cower who had been shot to death on February 12, 1982. Avila presented no witnesses in his behalf and was convicted based upon the state’s evidence.
On appeal, Avila argues primarily that the trial court committed reversible error in admitting into evidence his videotaped confession which the police obtained only after Avila clearly and unequivocally invoked his right to counsel. The state, as it must, concedes error based upon the holdings in Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966); Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 101 S.Ct. 1880, 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981) (once accused has been informed of his right to remain silent and right to counsel, questioning must cease if the accused indicates desire to remain silent), and Smith v. Illinois, 469 U.S. 91, 105 S.Ct. 490, 83 L.Ed.2d 488 (1984) (“bright-line rule” that all questioning must cease after accused requests counsel; interrogator may not proceed as if accused had requested nothing).
The state’s suggestion that the error is harmless is not well taken. The Florida supreme court’s holding in State v. DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d 1129 (Fla.1986), mandates reversal where the state cannot show beyond a reasonable doubt that there is no reasonable possibility that the erroneous admission of evidence affected the jury verdict. Our harmless error analysis must focus “on the effect of the error on the trier-of-fact.” DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d at 1139. On the record before this court, it cannot be said that there is no reasonable possibility that the admitting of the videotaped confession contributed to the conviction. Given the inconsistencies in the testimony of the state’s key witnesses, certain recantations of earlier testimony, and a dearth of physical evidence linking Avila to the murder scene, the jury’s viewing of Avila’s videotaped confession may well have erased any reasonable doubt previously entertained. We, therefore, reverse the conviction and remand for a new trial pursuant to DiGuilio and State v. Lee, 531 So. 2d 133 (Fla.1988).
In light of our remand, we briefly dispose of the remaining points of error urged by Avila. The trial court correctly allowed into evidence Avila’s earlier statement made in the course of the booking procedure. Officer Navarro’s questioning Avila as to his real name was not an interrogation within the scope of Miranda. Avila’s statement that he was wanted for two murders was volunteered and “neither the letter nor spirit of Miranda has been violated.” Kelley v. State, 486 So. 2d 578, 584 (Fla.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 871, 107 S.Ct. 244, 93 L.Ed.2d 169 (1986).
Nor did the trial court err in refusing to admit testimony as to the state of mind of one “Tony” who was at the homicide scene. The state of mind exception to the hearsay rule permits the admission of extrajudicial statements only if the declarant’s state of mind is at issue or to prove or explain the declarant’s subsequent conduct. § 90.803(3)(a), Florida Statutes (1987). At trial, Tony’s state of mind was not at issue and his purported statements could not be used to prove Avila’s state of mind. See Correll v. State, 523 So. 2d 562 (Fla.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 109 S.Ct. 183, 102 L.Ed.2d 152 (1988).
Finally, the trial court was correct in permitting certain witnesses to testify to their fear of Avila. Such evidence was admissible to explain their reluctance to come forward at the time of the murders and to cooperate fully with the police. See Sireci v. State, 399 So. 2d 964 (Fla.1981) (defendant’s attempt to intimidate state’s witness is relevant and admissible), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 984, 102 S.Ct. 2257, 72 L.Ed.2d 862 (1982).
Reversed and remanded for a new trial.
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Nevil McDonald Lopez v. State, 716 So. 2d 301 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)…tification of the defendant. Manor’s statements to Sergeant Frisenda came within the section 90.803(3) hearsay exception and were admissible to explain Manor’s subsequent conduct, namely, his trial testimony. See id. § 90.803(3)(a)2; Avila v. State, 545 So. 2d 450, 451 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989); see also United States v. Cerone, 452 F. 2d 274, 288 (7th Cir.1971); United States v. Schennault, 429 F. 2d 852, 855 (7th Cir.1970). Defendant contends that the testimony was unfairly prejudicial but we disagree. Manor told…
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Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (11 total)
- Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (U.S. 1966)
- State v. DiGUILIO, 491 So. 2d 1129 (Fla. 1986)
- Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 (U.S. 1981)
- Smith v. Illinois, 469 U.S. 91 (U.S. 1984)
- Sireci v. State, 399 So. 2d 964 (Fla. 1981)
- Correll v. State, 523 So. 2d 562 (Fla. 1988)
- Kelley v. State, 486 So. 2d 578 (Fla. 1986)
- Federated Publ'ns, Inc. v. Swedberg, 456 U.S. 984 (U.S. 1982)
- Jacks v. Duckworth, 456 U.S. 984 (U.S. 1982)
- State v. LEE, 531 So. 2d 133 (Fla. 1988)