THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
SHIRNEATHA JONES, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1989-06-20
No. 88-1898
Before NESBITT, BASKIN and GERSTEN, JJ.
545 So. 2d 461 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1989)

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The State appealed a trial court's order suppressing physical evidence obtained from Shirneatha Jones at an airport. The appellate court reversed, holding that police officers lawfully continued their investigation after Jones initially refused a frisk search, and that her subsequent voluntary act of patting her own stomach constituted valid consent.


Holding

The court held that the trial court improperly granted the motion to suppress. After Jones refused the frisk, she was free to leave and the officers were free to develop a further encounter with her. The officers' suggestion of a less intrusive alternative search (self-patting) did not constitute police misconduct, deception, artifice, or trickery, and Jones's voluntary compliance with patting her stomach constituted valid consent.


Headnotes

[1] A suspect's consent to a pat-down search is validly withdrawn when the suspect expressly states they do not wish to be patted down.

[2] Police are not required to terminate an investigation when a suspect declines to consent to a particular type of search.

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Key Quotes

“After the defendant initially refused to be patted down, she was free to go on her way, notwithstanding her testimony that she believed by the detective's actions that she was not permitted to depart.”

Establishes that the defendant's subjective belief about her freedom to leave does not restrict the officers' ability to continue their investigation after an initial refusal of consent.

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Facts & Procedural History

Two narcotics detectives approached Jones at Miami International Airport and requested to search her carry-on luggage, to which she consented; no cont…

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Opinion of the Court
NESBITT, Judge.

NESBITT, Judge.

The state appeals an order granting defendant’s motion to suppress physical evidence. We reverse the order under review.

Two narcotics detectives observed Shir-neatha Jones at a ticket counter at Miami International Airport and followed her through a security checkpoint. Jones was approached by the officers. They asked if Jones “would mind” if they searched her carry-on luggage. She consented; however, no contraband was found. She was not expressly advised of her right to continue to her plane. One of the detectives then asked if she “would mind” a security officer patting down her person. Jones stated that she did not mind. Upon arrival at the search booth, the security officer asked Jones if she would mind being patted down. Jones replied “Do I have to?”, refusing the frisk and expressly withdrawing her consent. She then walked some distance away from the booth. At that point, according to stipulation by all parties, one officer asked Jones if she would mind patting her stomach. Jones, of her own volition, complied. A crinkling noise like that made by a food bag could be heard. Police seized a plastic bag containing contraband and arrested Jones. Prior to trial, Jones motioned to suppress the evidence of contraband. The trial court concluded that Jones should have been permitted to continue her journey once she refused permission to have her body searched, reliance upon Jones’ consent to pat herself was improper, and that the evidence, therefore, should be suppressed. We hold that the motion to suppress was improperly granted.

After the defendant initially refused to be patted down, she was free to go on her way, notwithstanding her testimony that she believed by the detective’s actions that she was not permitted to depart. By the same token, the police officers were free to develop a further encounter with her. In attempting to effectuate a second encounter, the police were only legitimately performing their official duty. Consequently, the activity neither constitutes antecedent police misconduct nor does the same conduct warrant a finding of deception or artifice or trickery. See Zukor v. State, 488 So. 2d 601 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 496 So. 2d 144 (Fla.1986). See also Sizemore v. State, 390 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980), review denied, 399 So. 2d 1145 (Fla.1981).

Both Zukor and Sizemore recognize an officer is not required to terminate an investigation simply because a suspect declines to consent to a particular type of search. For the police to suggest a less intrusive alternative type of search is neither constitutionally prohibited nor an example of unfair trickery. Because the trial court failed to recognize that the further encounter did not constitute police misconduct, it erroneously concluded that the police were required to prove a consensual search by clear and convincing evidence. This was the erroneous reason the trial court failed to apply the greater weight of the evidence test which it otherwise acknowledged was the correct evidentiary standard.

For these reasons, the order granting defendant’s motion to suppress the evidence of the contraband is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings.


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