MARY ALICE HENDERSON AND JEROME M. HENDERSON, APPELLANTS,
v.
A.W. NORTH, M.D., AND PORT ST. JOE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, INC., APPELLEES
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The court held that claims for wrongful death of a fetus are not cognizable in Florida, but claims for medical expenses and pain and suffering resulting from an erroneous diagnosis are valid.
[1] Florida law does not recognize a cause of action for the wrongful death of a fetus.
[2] A claim for medical malpractice and negligence may proceed even if it arises in the context of a pregnancy, provided the claim does not seek damages for the wrongful deat…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellants sued Dr. North and a hospital for medical malpractice and negligence after a miscarriage. The trial court granted summary judgment for the …
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THOMPSON, Judge.
Appellants, husband and wife, appeal a final summary judgment in favor of the appellees. They contend the trial court erred in granting the summary judgments on the issues of medical malpractice and negligence on the ground that the complaint was a thinly disguised claim for the wrongful death of a fetus. We affirm in part, reverse in part and remand for further proceedings.
On August 8, 1980 Mrs. Henderson was given an examination and pregnancy test by Dr. North. Dr. North determined that Mrs. Henderson was approximately seven weeks pregnant and made another appointment for her on September 8, 1980. On September 2, 1980 Mrs. Henderson was contacted and informed that her PAP smear results showed a condition known as Class III, indicating the presence of a tumor in the womb. That same day Mrs. Henderson returned to Dr. North’s office where he explained that a biopsy would be necessary in order to determine whether the growth was malignant or benign. Mrs. Henderson was to check into the hospital on September 8, 1980 and the operation would be performed the following day. She was assured by Dr. North that the procedure was best performed during the early stages of the pregnancy, and that it would not harm the unborn baby. The biopsy procedure would involve the scraping of the womb in order to take tissue to be sent to a laboratory for further examination.
Mrs. Henderson sought a second opinion from Dr. James DeRuiter on September 4, 1980. The following day Dr. DeRuiter telephoned Mrs. Henderson and told her the result was Class I, indicating no tumor, and that he advised against the biopsy. Mrs. Henderson returned to Dr. North who explained that Dr. DeRuiter probably extracted good tissue and that it would still be necessary to perform the biopsy. She was admitted to the hospital on September 8, 1980 as previously planned. The biopsy procedure was performed on September 9 and she was discharged on September 11, 1980, with a postoperative checkup scheduled for October 6, 1980. The biopsy results were received on September 17, 1980 at which time Mrs. Henderson was informed that the tumor was benign and told not to worry.
On September 22, 1980, Mrs. Henderson, during a bowel movement, miscarried and discharged the fetus. Dr. North told her to wrap the fetus, still attached to the umbilical cord, in a towel and to immediately meet him at the hospital. Dr. North announced that the baby was stillborn and that a curettage needed to be performed in order to remove the afterbirth. On November 21, 1980 the Hendersons filed a complaint against Dr. North and Port St. Joe Municipal Hospital alleging medical malpractice and negligence. The appellees moved for summary judgment on the basis that the complaint alleges damages as a result of the wrongful death of an unborn fetus and that such action is not cognizable under Florida law. On July 8 and August 25, 1988, final summary judgments were entered for the hospital and Dr. North respectively on the basis that the complaint was “a thinly disguised claim for a wrongful death of a fetus and plaintiffs’ mental suffering associated therewith.”
The complaint contains four counts. The first count alleges that Dr. North negligently made an erroneous diagnosis and subjected Mrs. Henderson to physical pain, mental anguish, and expense of hospitalization, admission tests, and unnecessary surgical procedures. The second count alleges that the negligent erroneous diagnosis and unnecessary surgical procedure resulted in the termination of an otherwise normal pregnancy, thereby resulting in the death of her unborn child and causing her severe mental anguish, emotional distress, physical pain and suffering. The third count alleges that the defendant hospital was negligent, resulting in the death of plaintiffs’ unborn baby and in great physical, emotional and mental pain and suffering by Mrs. Henderson and Mr. Henderson. The fourth count is a claim by Mr. Henderson for loss of consortium and for medical expenses.
We affirm the summary judgment in favor of the hospital on Counts III and IV of the complaint. The trial judge correctly found that Count III was a thinly disguised claim for the wrongful death of the fetus and plaintiffs’ mental pain and suffering associated therewith and granted final summary judgment as Florida does not recognize a cause of action for the wrongful death of the fetus. We affirm the summary judgment in favor of Dr. North on Count II for the same reason. Abdelaziz v. A.M.I.S.U.B. of Florida, Inc., 515 So. 2d 269 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987).
We reverse the summary judgment in favor of Dr. North as to Counts I and IV. Count I alleges that as a result of the negligent erroneous diagnosis Mrs. Henderson was subjected to physical pain, mental anguish and expense of hospitalization, admission tests and surgical procedures. There is no claim for any injury or damage resulting from the death of the fetus in Count I. As the husband claims medical expenses in Count IV the claim for medical expenses in Count I are not properly an element of damages in that count.
In the further proceedings it is directed that there shall be no allegations or evidence adduced as to the death of the fetus or any injury or damages claimed by Mr. or Mrs. Henderson for the death of the fetus. The injuries and damages claimed by Mrs. Henderson in Count I are restricted to her claim for physical pain and mental anguish allegedly caused by Dr. North’s erroneous diagnosis.
The summary judgment in favor of Dr. North on Counts I and IV is REVERSED and this cause is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
SMITH, C.J., and MINER, J., concur.
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Tanner v. Ellie M. Hartog, 696 So. 2d 705 (Fla. 1997)…es recoverable in an action for negligent stillbirth would be limited to mental pain and anguish and medical expenses incurred incident to the pregnancy. We do not address James’s other claims. We disapprove Abdelaziz as well as Henderson v. North, 545 So. 2d 486 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989), which adopted the principle of Abdelaziz, to the extent that they disapproved a cause of action for negligent stillbirth. We conclude that the rationale expressed in Singleton and McGee-han is subsumed within the cause of action…
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Ellis v. Humana OF Fla., Inc., 569 So. 2d 827 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990)…lees cite cases which hold that parents may not sue because of the “wrongful death” of a stillborn fetus. Stern v. Miller, 348 So. 2d 303 (Fla.1977); Stokes v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, 213 So. 2d 695 (Fla.1968). See also Henderson v. North, 545 So. 2d 486 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989). It is true that Stokes holds that a stillborn fetus is not a “minor child” under the wrongful death act which would permit it to be the subject of a wrongful death action. Stem agrees, albeit reluctantly, with the Stokes holding…
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Therese McGEEHAN v. Parke-Davis, 573 So. 2d 376 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991)…ly erroneous diagnosis that she suffered from tuberculosis, the medication having been allegedly prescribed and dispensed to her without a warning about the risk of birth defects therefrom. The summary judgment cited as authority Henderson v. North, 545 So. 2d 486 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989) and Abdelaziz v. A.M.I.S.U.B. of Florida, Inc., 515 So. 2d 269 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987), with both of which the trial court expressed disagreement. The issue on appeal is whether the cause of action in this case ⅛ as argued by defenda…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Miller v. State, 515 So. 2d 269 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987)
- Fatimeh T. Abdelaziz v. A.M.I.S.U.B. OF Fla., Inc., 515 So. 2d 269 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)