ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, PETITIONER,
v.
JOSEPHINE MELENDEZ, RESPONDENT
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Allstate Insurance sought certiorari review of a trial court order denying its motion to abate a bad faith claim pending resolution of an underlying coverage dispute. The Fifth District Court of Appeal held that under Florida Supreme Court precedent, abatement of a first-party bad faith claim is not necessary when joined with a coverage claim, though bifurcated trial procedures remain proper.
Abatement of a first-party bad faith claim is not necessary when joined with a coverage claim because the insured is not entitled to a broader scope of discovery in the bad faith action under Florida Supreme Court precedent. However, bifurcated trial procedures, with the coverage issue tried first, are proper and do not constitute a departure from the essential requirements of law.
[1] A first-party bad faith claim against an insurance carrier may be joined with a coverage claim.
[2] Abatement of a first-party bad faith claim is not necessary when the scope of discovery in the bad faith action is not broader than in the coverage action.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“in a first party bad faith action, an adversarial, not a fiduciary, relationship exists between the insured and the insurance carrier”
Establishes the foundational legal principle that reframes the relationship between insurer and insured in bad faith claims, distinguishing them from traditional fiduciary relationships.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJosephine Melendez, an Allstate insured, sustained injuries in an automobile accident. Allstate paid all medical bills except those for chiropractic c…
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PER CURIAM.
Petitioner, an automobile insurance carrier defending an action brought by one of its own insured, seeks certiorari review of an order denying a motion to abate two counts of the insured’s complaint. The insured-respondent, Josephine Melendez, sustained personal injuries as a result of an automobile accident. The insurance carrier paid for all of the insured’s medical bills except for those relating to chiropractic care. The insured filed a three count amended complaint against the insurance carrier. The first count claims coverage for the unpaid medical bills while counts two and three allege the insurance carrier’s bad faith dealings for which punitive damages are sought.
Petitioner sought to abate the bad faith claim until after the resolution of the coverage issue. The trial court by order denied the motion to abate.
Section 624.155, Florida Statutes (1987), allows an insured to bring an action against her own insurance carrier for not attempting in good faith to settle claims when it should have done so had it acted fairly and honestly towards the insured. See Opperman v. Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 515 So. 2d 263 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987), review denied, 523 So. 2d 578 (Fla.1988).
The insurance carrier asserts that abatement of the bad faith claim is proper because it is premature until there has first been a determination that the insured has a right to the benefits alleged in the coverage claim. The primary case relied on by the insurance carrier, Allstate Insurance Co. v. Lovell, 530 So. 2d 1106 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988), held that abatement of a bad faith claim was appropriate until after the coverage claim was resolved. In Lovell, the Third District held that the trial court had erred in requiring the insurer to produce for discovery its entire claim file prior to resolution of the coverage issue. At the time Lovell was decided, the Third District had previously held that an insured was entitled to the insurer’s claim file in discovery relating to the bad faith action but was not entitled to the claim file in an action to determine a coverage issue. See Allstate Insurance Co. v. Shupack, 335 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976).
The rationale behind the Lovell case is no longer applicable in light of the holding by the Supreme Court of Florida in Kujawa v. Manhattan National Life Insurance Co., 541 So. 2d 1168 (Fla.1989).
In Kujawa, the Supreme Court held that in a first party bad faith action, an adversarial, not a fiduciary, relationship exists between the insured and the insurance carrier, and that the legislature in creating the first party bad faith cause of action did not intend to abolish the attorney/client privilege and work product doctrine. The Supreme Court of Florida specifically disapproved a decision of the Third District, which had held that an insurance carrier’s claim file was discoverable in a first party bad faith action. See Fidelity and Casualty Insurance Co. v. Taylor, 525 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987), disapproved, Kujawa, supra.
Based on the Florida Supreme Court’s holding in Kujawa, it is not only proper to join a first party bad faith claim with a coverage claim,' but it also appears that abatement is not necessary because the insured is not entitled to a broader scope of discovery in the first party bad faith cause of action. See State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Kelly, 533 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988) (no departure from the essential requirements of law in denying motion to abate bad faith claim).
Even the Third District in one of its decisions issued prior to Kujawa noted that abatement of a first party bad faith claim would not be necessary if the insurance carrier’s file was not discoverable in the bad faith cause of action. See Colonial Penn Insurance Co. v. Mayor, 538 So. 2d 100, 101 n. 4 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).
In the instant case, the trial court in denying the motion to abate nevertheless ruled that the trial of the insured’s action would be bifurcated, with the coverage issue to be tried first. This procedure is proper, and does not constitute a departure from the essential requirements of law. Therefore, the petition for certiorari review is denied.
CERTIORARI DENIED.
DANIEL, C.J., and DAUKSCH and COBB, JJ., concur.
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Citator
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Rubio v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. & Michele Vincent-Belizaire, 662 So. 2d 956 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995)…15 So. 2d 263 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987). See also Staff Report, 1982, Insurance Code Sunset Revision (H.B.4F, as amended, H.B. 10G) (June 3, 1982). Thus, abatement under these circumstances is not indicated. Id. at 788. In Allstate Ins. Co. v. Melendez, 550 So. 2d 156, 158 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989) (unpaid medical bill after auto accident), the court stated: “Based on the Florida Supreme Court’s holding in Kujawa, it is not only proper to join a first party bad faith claim with a coverage claim, but it also appears tha…
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Doan v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 727 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999)…which were decided before Blanchard, and which are inapposite to the issue squarely addressed and resolved by Blanchard. We deny the Petition for Writ of Certiorari and recede from our decision in Rubio. . . See also Allstate Ins. Co. v. Melendez, 550 So. 2d 156 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Kelly, 533 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988).…
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Gen. Accident Ins. Co. v. Am. Mut. Ins. Co., 562 So. 2d 414 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990)…the work product privilege does apply to the instant ease, and that Kujawa and State Farm are controlling. See also, Royal Insurance Company of America v. Zayas Men’s Shop, Inc., 551 So. 2d 553 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989); Allstate Insurance Co. v. Melendez, 550 So. 2d 156 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989). Accordingly, we grant the petition for certiorari review and quash the order of the trial court, which requires production of underwriting and claim files irrespective of any work product privilege. See Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.280(b).…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Penelope R. Kujawa v. Manhattan Nat'l Life Ins. Co., 541 So. 2d 1168 (Fla. 1989)
- Owen v. State, 515 So. 2d 263 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987)
- Fid. & Cas. Ins. Co. of N.Y. v. Taylor, 525 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
- Lach v. Lach, 335 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976)
- Allstate Ins. Co. v. Lovell, 530 So. 2d 1106 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
- State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Kelly, 533 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988)
- Colonial Penn Ins. Co. v. Roslyn Mayor, 538 So. 2d 100 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)