DAVID DAY AND JULIA DAY, APPELLANTS,
v.
RASHID AMINI AND H. JAVIER CASTANO, APPELLEES

Fla. 2d DCA | 1989-10-20
No. 89-00136
RYDER and PARKER, JJ., concur.
550 So. 2d 169 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1989) Positive Treatment
Cited by 43 cases

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Holding

The court held that the trial court erred in denying Julia Day's motion for involuntary dismissal at the close of the plaintiffs' case because the plaintiffs failed to establish a prima facie case against her.


Headnotes

[1] A motion for involuntary dismissal in a nonjury trial is governed by the same legal principles as a motion for directed verdict.

[2] In ruling on a motion for involuntary dismissal, the court must consider all evidence and reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.

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Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiffs Amini and Castaño discussed operating a cocktail lounge with David Day and reached a verbal agreement for reimbursement of liquor purchases…

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Opinion of the Court
SCHEB, Acting Chief Judge.

SCHEB, Acting Chief Judge.

Appellants/Defendants David and Julia Day challenge a judgment in favor of Ap-pellees/Plaintiffs Rashid Amini and H. Javier Castaño. We find merit only in Appellant Julia Day’s argument that the court erred in denying her motion for involuntary dismissal at the close of plaintiffs’ case.

In their amended complaint, Amini and Castaño sought reimbursement for improvements made to the cocktail lounge in Naples, Florida, operated by David Day, and to recover their investment in a liquor inventory.

The evidence in the nonjury trial revealed that in January 1987, Amini and Castaño discussed operating the lounge with David Day. David Day’s wife, Julia Day, was present when the parties reached a verbal agreement, whereby David Day would purchase the liquor and be reimbursed by Amini and Castaño. The lounge would continue to operate under David Day’s liquor license. Although the parties never entered into a written contract, Amini and Castaño continued to operate the lounge, paying David Day for the liquor inventory and making numerous improvements to the lounge.

In April 1987, the parties had a disagreement which culminated in David Day’s locking Amini and Castaño out of the lounge.

At the conclusion of the trial, the court found that Amini and Castaño were entitled to recover, having proved conversion by and unjust enrichment of the Days. The court entered a final judgment against David and Julia Day for $9,545.30 plus costs, and this appeal ensued. Of the points raised by the Days on appeal, only the point raised by Julia Day has merit. At the close of the plaintiffs’ case, pursuant to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.420(b), the Days moved for involuntary dismissal of the claims against each of them. The court denied their motions. The Days then presented their case and at the close of all the evidence renewed their motions for involuntary dismissal. Again, the court denied the motions.

We conclude that the court erred in denying the motion made on behalf of Julia Day.

A motion for involuntary dismissal pursuant to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.420(b), which is used in nonjury trials, was formerly known as a motion for directed verdict, and the same law is applicable. Curls v. Tew, 346 So. 2d 1242 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977). In making the motion, the movant admits the truth of all facts in evidence and every reasonable conclusion or inference based thereon favorable to the non-moving party. See Hartnett v. Fowler, 94 So. 2d 724 (Fla.1957). Where the plaintiff has presented a prima facie case and different conclusions or inferences can be drawn from the evidence, the trial judge should not grant a motion for involuntary dismissal. Tillman v. Baskin, 260 So. 2d 509 (Fla.1972).

However, where the evidence offered by the plaintiffs, considered in the light most favorable to them, does not establish a prima facie case, it is incumbent on the trial judge to grant the motion. See Greenberg v. Post, 155 Fla. 135, 19 So. 2d 714 (1944) (en banc); Curls v. Tew.

In construing the evidence favorably to plaintiffs Amini and Castaño, it is important to bear in mind that this was an action for conversion and unjust enrichment, not an action in contract. Conversion occurs when a person with a right to possess property demands its return and the demand is not or cannot be met. A demand is unnecessary where it would be futile. Shelby Mutual Ins. Co. v. Crain Press, Inc., 481 So. 2d 501 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985), review denied, 491 So. 2d 278 (1986).

Here, the plaintiffs’ evidence established merely that Julia Day was present at the initial meeting when the parties discussed operating the lounge. Although Mr. Casta-no testified that the agreement was with Mr. and Mrs. Day, there was no showing during the plaintiffs’ case that Julia Day converted any property. No demand was made of her nor was it shown that a demand would be futile.

Furthermore, there was not even a showing that Julia Day owned the property enriched by the plaintiffs’ improvements.

Finally, Julia Day’s presence at the preliminary meeting, without more, is not sufficient for a trier of fact to infer or reasonably conclude that she participated in the conversion of property belonging to Amini and Castaño or that she was in any way enriched by plaintiffs’ actions.

We recognize that the plaintiffs’ brief focuses on the fact that Julia Day made certain statements in the defendants’ case from which it may be inferred that the plaintiffs had a cause of action against her for conversion and unjust enrichment. However, in viewing the evidence presented by the plaintiffs, we find the trial court erred by denying Julia Day’s motion for involuntary dismissal at the close of plaintiffs’ case. Therefore, we do not consider the evidence presented during the defendants’ case.

We affirm the judgment against David Day, vacate the judgment against Julia Day, and remand with directions to enter an amended judgment accordingly.

RYDER and PARKER, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (29 total)

  • Deutsche Bank Nat'l Tr. Co. v. Kummer, 195 So. 3d 1173 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016)
    …éreon favorable to the non-moving party. Where the plaintiff has presented a prima facie case and different conclusions or inferences can be drawn from the evidence, the trial judge should not grant a motion for involuntary dismissal. Day v. Amini, 550 So. 2d 169, 171 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989) (citation omitted). A trial court “can neither weigh the evidence nor consider the credibility of witnesses” when deciding a motion for involuntary dismissal. Capital Media, Inc. v. Haase, 639 So. 2d 632, 633 (Fla. 2d DCA 199…
  • Marlyn Tracey v. Wells Fargo Bank, 264 So. 3d 1152 (Fla. 2d DCA 2019)
    …case and different conclusions or inferences can be drawn from the evidence, the trial judge should not grant a motion for involuntary dismissal." Deutsche Bank Nat'l Tr. Co. v. Kummer, 195 So. 3d 1173, 1175 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016) (quoting Day v. Amini, 550 So. 2d 169, 171 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989) ).12 Accordingly, it is a failure of proof, not merely an erroneous ruling from the trial court, that warrants the involuntary dismissal of the plaintiff's case on remand as opposed to a new trial. Cleveland v. Crown Fin., L…
  • Thalgott v. Thalgott, 571 So. 2d 1368 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)
    …rials, when moving for dismissal or involuntary dismissal in a nonjury trial, the movant necessarily admits the truth of all facts in evidence and every reasonable conclusion or inference based thereon favorable to the nonmoving party. Day v. Amini, 550 So. 2d 169 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989). Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.420(b), relating to involuntary dismissal of actions, requires that before a party may move for dismissal in an action tried by the court without a jury, the other party must be given the opportu…

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