SANDRA BYRD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1989-11-15
No. 87-02456
LEHAN and FRANK, JJ., concur.
552 So. 2d 287 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1989)

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Synopsis

Sandra Byrd was convicted of manslaughter in the shooting death of her boyfriend and sentenced to twelve years, an upward departure from the three-to-seven-year guideline range. The appellate court affirmed her conviction but reversed her sentence, finding the trial judge's written reasons for the upward departure legally invalid under Florida sentencing guidelines.


Holding

The trial judge's written reasons for the upward departure were invalid. An upward departure cannot be based on a probation violation that was never adjudicated as a violation, nor on factors relating to convictions not obtained for the instant offense, nor on unsupported conclusions that a crime was especially heinous.


Headnotes

[1] A court cannot impose an upward departure sentence based on a probation violation for which the defendant was never found guilty.

[2] An upward departure sentence cannot be based on factors relating to prior arrests without conviction.

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Key Quotes

“Obviously, an upward departure cannot be based on nonexistent factors. There is no probation violation until a court of competent jurisdiction finds a person guilty of probation violation.”

Establishes that departure reasons must be based on actual adjudicated facts, not speculative or non-adjudicated violations

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Facts & Procedural History

Byrd shot and killed her boyfriend and was charged with second degree murder. A jury found her guilty of manslaughter. The trial judge imposed a twelv…

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Opinion of the Court
DANAHY, Acting Chief Judge.

DANAHY, Acting Chief Judge.

The appellant shot and killed her boyfriend, and she was charged with second degree murder. After a jury found her guilty of manslaughter, the trial judge sentenced her to twelve years of incarceration. This was an upward departure from the recommended range of three to seven years based on the appellant’s sentencing guidelines scoresheet.

On this appeal, the appellant asserts that reversible errors were committed during the course of her trial. We disagree and affirm her conviction. However, we agree with the appellant that the written reasons given by the trial judge for the upward departure sentence are invalid.

The trial judge set forth her written reasons for the departure in two paragraphs. The first paragraph gives as a reason that probation violation and legal constraint could not be scored on the apel-lant’s scoresheet. This is a reference to the fact that in 1972 the appellant had been found guilty of manslaughter and placed on probation for ten years. Three years into the probationary term, an affidavit of violation of probation was filed against the appellant.

Notwithstanding, the state never pursued the probation violation matter and the state did not pursue that matter in this proceeding. Accordingly, the appellant has never been found guilty of a probation violation with respect to the probation associated with her 1972 offense of manslaughter. The trial judge stated “therefore, although the defendant absconded from a prior violation, the defendant was not punished and the violation or legal constraint was not scored or taken into consideration on the scoresheet.” All of this amounts to an invalid reason for departure.

Obviously, an upward departure cannot be based on nonexistent factors. There is no probation violation until a court of competent jurisdiction finds a person guilty of probation violation. That has not occurred with respect to the appellant. She has not been punished for a prior probation violation because the state has not seen fit to seek such punishment. Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.701(d)(11) states that reasons for deviating from the guidelines shall not include factors relating to prior arrests without conviction. The circumstances here seem to us to fall within the ambit of this rule. As far as legal constraint is concerned, if the defendant was still on probation when the instant offense was committed, then points should have been added to her scoresheet for legal constraint. But adding those points would not change the recommended range. An upward departure based on the fact that legal constraint could not be scored is simply unjustified.

In the second paragraph of the written reasons for departure, the trial judge states that the circumstances of this crime were especially heinous. The following sentence includes two reasons for that conclusion. The first is that the appellant is a convicted felon and was carrying a firearm. Rule 3.701(d)(11) states that reasons for deviating from the guidelines shall not include factors relating to the instant offense for which convictions have not been obtained. The first reason, therefore, is not valid. There is absolutely no proof in the record to support the trial judge’s conclusion that the second reason given is a circumstance of this crime which makes it especially heinous. A departure reason not supported by the record is invalid. See State v. Mischler, 488 So. 2d 523 (Fla.1986); Ostrowski v. State, 509 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987).

Having found the written reasons for departure to be invalid, we reverse the appellant’s sentence and remand for sentencing within the guidelines recommended sentencing range.

Conviction affirmed; sentence reversed and case remanded for resentencing within the guidelines recommended range.

LEHAN and FRANK, JJ., concur.


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