LEVY NORWOOD, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Defendant Levy Norwood appeals his felony murder conviction, challenging the trial court's failure to conduct a Batson-equivalent inquiry into the state's use of peremptory challenges to strike prospective black jurors. The appellate court finds the trial court erred in denying the defendant's request for such an inquiry and reverses for a new trial.
The trial court erred in denying the defendant's motions for a Neil inquiry. When defense counsel demonstrated both that a disproportionate number of blacks were challenged and that unchallenged white jurors were similarly situated to the challenged black jurors, the threshold was met requiring the state to explain its peremptory challenges. The defendant is entitled to a new trial.
[1] A party complaining of racially discriminatory peremptory challenges must demonstrate that the challenged jurors are members of a distinct racial group and that there is…
[2] When a party meets the threshold for challenging peremptory strikes on racial grounds, the burden shifts to the party exercising the strike to demonstrate it was not exer…
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“while there is no bright line test for establishing when the complaining party has met the threshold which would require a Neil inquiry, any doubt as to whether the initial burden has been met must be resolved in favor of the complaining party”
Establishes the standard that doubts about whether threshold for Batson inquiry is met must favor the defendant
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDuring jury selection in Norwood's felony murder trial, the state used three of its four initial peremptory challenges against black prospective juror…
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[*1256] PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals his conviction for felony murder. We find error in the trial court’s failure to grant an inquiry into the state’s use of peremptory challenges to strike prospective black jurors and reverse for a new trial on that basis.
In State v. Neil, 457 So. 2d 481 (Fla.1984), the Supreme Court of Florida set forth the initial burden which must be met when a party complains that a peremptory challenge of a prospective juror has been made on a racially discriminatory basis. There must be a timely objection followed by a demonstration on the record that a) the persons challenged are members of a distinct racial group and that b) there is a strong likelihood that they have been challenged solely because of their race. If the complaining party meets this threshold, then the party attempting to exercise the peremptory challenge must demonstrate that the questioned challenge was not exercised solely on the basis of race. In State v. Slappy, 522 So. 2d 18 (Fla.), cert. denied, 487 U.S. 1219, 108 S.Ct. 2873, 101 L.Ed.2d 909 (1988), the supreme court further clarified the law regarding this issue when it stated that while there is no bright line test for establishing when the complaining party has met the threshold which would require a Neil inquiry, any doubt as to whether the initial burden has been met must be resolved in favor of the complaining party. Id. at 22.
In the case at hand, the record shows that defense counsel stated during voir dire that the state had used three of its four strikes against black people. He went on to say, “I don’t know that they sit any different (sic) than other persons who are not excluded by the state.” He then moved for a Neil inquiry on the basis that this indicated an attempt on the part of the state to exclude black people from the jury.
At that point, the prosecutor stated that three black members of the venire had not been challenged by the state; thus, he did not believe that defense counsel had made a prima facie showing that blacks were improperly excluded. The trial judge agreed and no inquiry was held. Defense counsel renewed his motion for an inquiry when four out of five of the state’s peremptory challenges had been directed at blacks. The trial judge again found that the threshold had not been met, and the motion was denied.
While the record is not clear in stating in every instance the race of each prospective juror who was questioned and ultimately challenged, we do know that when the second motion for a Neil inquiry was made, some four out of seven state challenges were against black people. Moreover, a reading of the record tends to show that those who were peremptorily challenged did not indicate any partiality or inability to judge fairly. See Slappy at 23. At least, any doubt to that effect must be resolved in favor of the defendant as the complaining party. Id. at 22. While an objection based solely on the fact that peremptory challenges were used against a racially discrete group may not satisfy the threshold and require an inquiry, see Riggins v. State, 557 So. 2d 185 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990), defense counsel also stated that the black people questioned did not “sit any different (sic) than other persons who [were] not excluded by the state.” These two statements viewed together were sufficient reasons to require an explanation from the state as to why black people were challenged when seemingly equally situated white people were not. See Slappy at 22.
By itself, the state’s observation when the motion was made that three black venire persons had not been challenged did not eliminate or cancel out the reasonable inference that the challenges were racially based. Id. This is especially so in light of defense counsel’s statement to the effect that equally situated white people had not been excluded.
We thus find reversible error and hold that Norwood should receive a new trial. However, we find no merit to the other issues raised on appeal.
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Citator
Cited By
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Johnson v. State, 600 So. 2d 32 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)…striking prospective juror Ellis, the presence of other black jurors on the panel, has repeatedly been ruled an invalid reason for excluding a black juror. Bryant v. State, 565 So. 2d 1298 (Fla.1990); Slappy, 522 So. 2d at 21; see Norwood v. State, 559 So. 2d 1255 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990); Smellie v. Torres, 570 So. 2d 314 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). Under these circumstances, reversal is mandated.2 Reversed and remanded for new trial. . We note that in Alen v. State, 596 So. 2d 1083, 1085 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992), this court…
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State v. Williams, 566 So. 2d 1348 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)…in making a determination regarding the meeting of that mandatory initial burden. Adams v. State, 559 So. 2d 1293 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990); Reed v. State, 560 So. 2d 203 (Fla.1990); Bryant v. State, 15 F.L.W. S178 (Fla. March 29, 1990); Norwood v. State, 559 So. 2d 1255 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). Thus, that specific determination in the instant case is to be afforded great deference. See Adams. Consequently, the trial judge did not err in not conducting a full Neil inquiry during voir dire and to have granted a new trial…
Authorities Cited
- State v. Neil, 457 So. 2d 481 (Fla. 1984)
- State v. Slappy, 522 So. 2d 18 (Fla. 1988)
- Men's Int'l Prof'l Tennis Council v. Volvo N. Am. Corp., 487 U.S. 1219 (U.S. 1988)
- Waste Mgmt. of Wis., Inc. v. Wis. Dep't of Natural Res., 487 U.S. 1219 (U.S. 1988)
- Talmedge Riggins v. State, 557 So. 2d 185 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990)