STEPHEN GILBERTH, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1990-07-05
No. 89-02149
POLEN and GARRETT, JJ., concur.
563 So. 2d 1120 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1990) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Stephen Gilberth appealed his cocaine possession conviction, contending the trial court erred in denying his motion for acquittal, admitting incompetent statistical testimony, and refusing to instruct the jury on entrapment. The court reversed and remanded for a new trial, finding the refusal to give an entrapment instruction constituted reversible error.


Holding

The court held that the officers' testimony regarding field testing of the rocks was sufficient to create a jury question on authenticity, so the motion for acquittal was properly denied; the chemist's statistical testimony was erroneous due to lack of foundation regarding expertise in statistics; and the refusal to instruct the jury on entrapment—appellant's theory of the case—constituted reversible error requiring a new trial.


Headnotes

[1] Proof of the identification of contraband does not require scientific tests, but must be reliable and based on the observations of a witness with experience and training.

[2] The testimony of trained officers who field-tested substances used in a reverse sting operation can be sufficient to create a jury question as to the authenticity of the…

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Key Quotes

“proof of the identification of contraband does not require scientific tests; nevertheless, it must be reliable and based on the observations of a witness with experience and training”

Establishes the legal standard for proving contraband identification without scientific testing, applied to the officers' testimony regarding field testing

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Facts & Procedural History

The Ft. Pierce Police Department conducted a reverse sting operation using cocaine rocks from its evidence locker that had been field tested by office…

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Opinion of the Court
DOWNEY, Judge.

DOWNEY, Judge.

Appellant, Stephen Gilberth, seeks reversal of his conviction for possession of cocaine and sentence of forty-two months’ imprisonment. He contends the trial court committed reversible error in 1) denying his motion for a judgment of acquittal due to insufficient evidence that the subject of the purchase was contraband, 2) in allowing incompetent testimony from a chemist, and 3) in refusing to instruct the jury on entrapment.

The evidence reveals that the Ft. Pierce Police Department was involved in a reverse sting operation which netted appellant. The state’s evidence is that the department had a quantity of cocaine rocks from another unrelated case in its evidence locker. The rocks to be used in the sting were obtained from this cache of rocks, field tested for cocaine by Officer Spring and delivered to Officer Wirthman, who, in turn, field tested them and delivered them to the officer who made the alleged sale to appellant. On the evening in question, appellant is said to have purchased one rock for $5.00 and been immediately jumped by several supporting officers and arrested. During the arrest, the rock disappeared and thus was not available for post-arrest examination and testing.

Appellant argues that this turn of events precluded the state from proving that he purchased cocaine on the evening in question.

As the court stated in Weaver v. State, 543 So. 2d 443 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989), “proof of the identification of contraband does not require scientific tests; nevertheless, it must be reliable and based on the observations of a witness with experience and training.” In the present case, we had trained officers, who testified they tested the rocks used in the sting operation, and one of them explained in detail the testing procedure to the jury. We believe the sum of their testimony was sufficient to create a jury question as to the authenticity of the alleged cocaine sold to appellant justifying, denial of appellant’s motion for acquittal.

During the trial, the court allowed a chemist to testify, over objection, that he had examined random portions of the large quantity of cocaine rocks in the evidence locker and that it was his opinion that the probability that the other bags contained therein did not contain cocaine was very small, i.e., one out of 738 million chances. No adequate foundation was laid to demonstrate the witness’s expertise in statistics and we believe the admission of this testimony was error. More serious error was committed in the trial court’s refusal to instruct the jury on appellant’s theory of the case, which was entrapment. The trial judge rationalized that, since appellant denied purchasing the cocaine, an instruction on entrapment was not relevant. In the abstract, that argument may have some merit.

However, appellant’s description of the occurrence was such that a jury could have found appellant was entrapped.

Therefore, the charge should have been given and its denial constitutes reversible error.

Accordingly, the judgment and sentence appealed from are reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial.

POLEN and GARRETT, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Queior v. State, 157 So. 3d 370 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015)
    …he administers the test fifty times a month, and was certified by the State to administer the test. The trial court properly concluded that the testimony presented was sufficient to support a finding of violation of probation. See Gilberth v. State, 563 So. 2d 1120 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990). , Id. The Terry court also observed that the trial court should not have excluded the laboratory test results on hearsay grounds because hearsay is admissible in probation proceedings. Id. We conclude that Terry incorrectly eq…
  • Terry v. State, 777 So. 2d 1093 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001)
    …he administers the test fifty times a month, and was certified by the State to administer the test. The trial court properly concluded that the testimony presented was sufficient to support a finding of violation of probation. See Gilberth v. State, 563 So. 2d 1120 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990). Although moot in light of our ruling above, on the State’s cross appeal which challenges the trial court’s refusal to admit the lab report into evidence on the grounds of hearsay, we note that the ruling was erroneous in that…

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