HENRY STEPHNEY, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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A sentence imposed due to a defendant's failure to accept a plea bargain, rather than for legitimate sentencing reasons, is improper even if within guidelines.
[1] A defendant may not complain of receiving a harsher sentence after trial than was offered in a plea bargain absent a demonstration of judicial vindictiveness or punitive…
[2] When a trial judge is involved in plea bargaining and a harsher sentence follows the breakdown of negotiations, the record must show that no improper weight was given to…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDefendant was convicted of purchasing cocaine and refused plea offers, including one for 364 days. After trial, he received the maximum sentence allow…
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PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals his nine-year sentence for purchasing cocaine. We vacate the sentence and remand for further proceedings consistent with the following analysis.
Henry Stephney was convicted of purchasing a $5.00 rock of crack cocaine from an undercover Miami police officer. At the defendant’s arraignment, the trial judge offered Stephney 364 days in jail plus placement in a drug rehabilitation program in exchange for his guilty plea. The defendant refused.
After the jury was sworn at the defendant’s trial, the court offered Stephney a sentence of three and one-half years for a plea of guilty. The guidelines recommended range for the offense was five and one-half to seven years. Stephney responded by asking the court to renew its previous offer of 364 days in jail and placement in a drug rehabilitation program. As the following excerpt from the transcript reveals, the court declined the counteroffer. THE COURT: I guess he should have taken it [the original plea offer]. No. It’s not available now. MR. KUPER [defense counsel]: Well, at this time he would be willing to ask Your Honor if you would consider some type of community control with a drug program outside— THE COURT: No. MR. KUPER: — due to the fact that he may have a drug problem. THE COURT: No. He had the same drug problem the day of arraignment. MR. KUPER: In lieu of the fact he would have been out by now, anyway— THE COURT: Even more so. The next time he will know to take it when I offer it at arraignment.
THE COURT: ... I only wish that the guys that sit next to the ones at arraignment, that give them all the legal advice, would be here at times like this. After the state presented its case, the court renewed its offer of three and one-half years in prison in exchange for a guilty plea. The defendant asked for a shorter sentence in view of his drug addiction.
MR. KUPER: There is a drug problem in this case. THE COURT: We have gone over that three times already. MR. KUPER: Wouldn’t you consider deviating downwards three and a half years? THE COURT: Absolutely not. I offered him three and a half. I will, as a gesture of goodwill, leave it open right now before you have to decide if your client is testifying, for about fifteen seconds. MR. KUPER: If you would go down a little bit more— THE COURT: Forget about it. MR. KUPER: — we will be in a negotiating posture. MR. WEINSTEIN [prosecutor]: The state objects to that offer, anyway. THE COURT: It doesn’t matter. I am withdrawing it. Forget about it. It’s history.
The jury returned a guilty verdict. Before sentencing, Stephney urged the court to consider his drug addiction and asked for an evaluation. The court declined an evaluation and no presentencing investigation was undertaken. The defendant was then sentenced to nine years in prison, the highest permissible sentence based on his guidelines score sheet. This appeal followed. Stephney claims that the record reveals no affirmative reason for the longer sentence other than judicial vindictiveness.
The general rule is:
Absent a demonstration by the defendant of judicial vindictiveness or punitive action, a defendant may not complain simply because he received a heavier sentence after trial. A disparity between the sentence received and the earlier offer will not alone support a finding of vindictiveness.... Having rejected the offer of a lesser sentence, [the defendant] assumes the risk of receiving a harsher sentence. Were it otherwise, plea bargaining would be futile.
Mitchell v. State, 521 So. 2d 185, 190 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988).
Nevertheless, “[W]hen the trial judge is involved with the plea bargaining, and a harsher sentence follows the breakdown in negotiations, the record must show that no improper weight was given the failure to plead guilty.” Id. at 188.1 In this case, the defendant was convicted of a crime which called for a recommended guidelines sentence of five and one-half to seven years. He received a sentence of nine years, the highest permitted guidelines sentence based on the number of points defendant scored on the guidelines score sheet. Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.988(g).
A review of the transcript in this case fails to reveal any reason why the harshest possible sentence was rendered. On the contrary, a review of the trial judge’s comments on their face support a presumption of judicial vindictiveness which was in no way dissipated by record evidence.
Consequently, the fact that the sentence ultimately entered was within the permissible guidelines limits does not render the sentence proper. See United States v. Stockwell, 472 F. 2d 1186 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 948, 93 S.Ct. 1924, 36 L.Ed.2d 409 (1973). The only conclusion which can be drawn is that the longer sentence was entered due to the defendant’s failure to accept the plea bargain offered by the trial judge.
Defendant seeks as a remedy this court’s ordering the trial judge to enter sentence in conformity with his original plea offer. We disagree that such would be the appropriate remedy.
[W]hen a defendant voluntarily chooses to reject or withdraw a plea bargain, he retains no right to the rejected sentence. If defendants could demand the same sentence after standing trial that was offered in exchange for a guilty plea, all incentives to plead guilty would disappear. Defendants would lose nothing by going to trial.
Mitchell, 521 So. 2d at 190, citing to United States v. Carter, 795 F. 2d 1460 (9th Cir.), modified, 804 F. 2d 508, 513 (9th Cir.1986). We think the proper remedy in this case is to remand with directions that the trial judge enter sentence within the recommended guidelines range of five and one-half to seven years.
Sentence vacated and cause remanded with directions.
. Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.171 does not prohibit the trial judge from participating in plea discussions. However, as this court has noted, such active negotiations on the part of the trial court should not be heavy-handed. See Johnson v. State, 501 So. 2d 158 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987).
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (22 total)
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Wilson v. State, 845 So. 2d 142 (Fla. 2003)…lier offer did not alone support a finding of vindictiveness, and that there were no comments on the record that on their face would support a presumption of vindictiveness. See id. In contrast to Mitchell, the facts presented in Stephney v. State, 564 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990), led the Third District to apply the presumption of vindictiveness and vacate the defendant’s sentence in that case. Stephney involved a plea offer of 364 days plus placement in a drug rehabilitation program made by the judge at t…
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Byrd v. State, 794 So. 2d 671 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001)…o not, however, accept the “presumption of vindictiveness” analysis. To begin with, the Second District’s opinion in Mc [*674] Donald creates the “presumption of vindictiveness” almost out of whole cloth based on an overreading of Stephney v. State, 564 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). What actually happened in Stephney was that the facts and circumstances contained on the record, including the judge’s comments, supported an inference of vindictiveness. Contrary to the notion that a presumption of vindictivenes…
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McDONALD v. State, 751 So. 2d 56 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)…ger sentence than the one contemplated in the failed plea negotiation does not [*59] establish vindictiveness. Rather, ordinarily it is the defendant’s burden to prove actual vindictiveness on the part of the sentencing judge. See Stephney v. State, 564 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). But when the judge has been involved in the plea negotiation and then later imposes a harsher sentence, the sentence is presumed to be vindictive. This presumption may be overcome only if the record affirmatively demonstrates tha…1 / 2
Previewing 3 of 22 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Johnson v. State, 501 So. 2d 158 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
- United States v. Stockwell, 472 F.2d 1186 (9th Cir. 1973)
- Combs v. United States, 411 U.S. 948 (U.S. 1973)
- Ortega v. United States, 411 U.S. 948 (U.S. 1973)
- Haves v. Haves, 521 So. 2d 185 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
- United States v. Freeman D. Carter, 795 F.2d 1460 (9th Cir. 1986)
- Mitchell v. State, 521 So. 2d 185 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988)