KATHLEEN KORNAKER, ETC., ET AL., APPELLANTS,
v.
LOUIS G. PAYOR, D.D.S., ET AL., APPELLEES

Fla. 5th DCA | 1990-08-23
No. 89-1374
COWART and GRIFFIN, JJ., concur.
565 So. 2d 899 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1990) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Appellants sued for dental malpractice and loss of consortium, but the complaint was abated pending service of process. When appellees moved to dismiss based on laches and the statute of limitations, the trial court granted dismissal with prejudice. The appellate court reversed as to the dental defendants, holding that laches cannot be established on the face of the complaint, but affirmed the dismissal of the insurance company under statutory grounds.


Holding

The court reversed the dismissal of the dental defendants, holding that laches is an affirmative defense that must be proven by clear and positive evidence and cannot be established on the face of the complaint alone. The court affirmed the dismissal of the insurance company defendant under section 627.7262, Florida Statutes.


Headnotes

[1] Laches is an affirmative defense that must be pleaded and proven by the party asserting it with clear and positive evidence.

[2] A trial court considering a motion to dismiss is confined to the allegations within the four corners of the complaint.

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“It is well settled that laches is an affirmative defense which under the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure is required to be set forth affirmatively. The burden of proof is on the party asserting laches; it must moreover be proved by very clear and positive evidence.”

Establishes the high burden required to prove laches as an affirmative defense

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Appellants filed a dental malpractice complaint on August 21, 1984, alleging that Kathleen Kornaker was injured as a result of dental treatment. The t…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
DAUKSCH, Judge.

DAUKSCH, Judge.

This is an appeal from an order dismissing appellant’s complaint with prejudice as to appellees Carl Dann, III, D.D.S. and Carl Dann, III, D.D.S., P.A., based on the doctrine of laches, and appellees Federal Insurance Co., based on section 627.7262, Florida Statutes (1987).

On August 21, 1984, appellants sued appellees Payor, Dann, and Federal Insurance Company, alleging dental malpractice and loss of consortium. On December 13,1984, the trial court entered an order of abatement, abating the cause until service of process could be perfected.

On October 21, 1987, appellants served all appellees with process. On November 10, 1987, appellees Dann and Federal Insurance Co. filed a motion to dismiss, alleging, in part:

The complaint shows on its face that this action is barred either by the statute of limitations or by the principle of laches. This complaint was filed on [August 21, 1984], Paragraph 12 of the complaint alleges that plaintiffs within two years preceding [August 21, 1984] discovered that Kathleen Kornaker was injured and that her “condition was the result of treatment by the defendants.” Nevertheless, Carl Dann, III, D.D.S. and his professional association were not served with summons and complaint in this case until October 21, 1987 ... Even had plaintiff discovered Kathleen Kornaker’s injuries on [August 21, 1984] (the same date on which their complaint was filed), the service of the summons and complaint upon defendants falls more than two and one-half years after service of the initial complaint. This is violative of the spirit and purpose of the statute of limitations, i.e., to put defendants on notice of claims before they become stale. Defendants urge that this court rule as a matter of law that this claim is barred by the applicable statute of limitations or, alternatively, by the equitable principle of laches. (Appellee Payor filed an answer on November 10, 1987, alleging affirmative defenses including comparative negligence and statute of limitations).

A hearing was held on June 5, 1989, and the trial court’s order of dismissal with prejudice was rendered June 13, 1989.

It is well settled that in considering a motion to dismiss a complaint the trial court is confined to the allegations contained within the four corners of the complaint and all allegations and must be taken as true. Chaires v. North Florida National Bank, 432 So. 2d 183 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). It is similarly well settled that laches is an affirmative defense which under the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure is required to be set forth affirmatively. The burden of proof is on the party asserting laches; it must moreover be proved by very clear and positive evidence. Van Meter v. Kelsey, 91 So. 2d 327 (Fla.1956); Fla. R.Civ.P. 1.140(b). Affirmative defenses appearing on the face of a prior pleading may be asserted as grounds for a motion to dismiss. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.110(d); Flye v. Jeffords, 106 So. 2d 229 (Fla. 1st DCA 1958). Appellees have failed to direct the attention of this court to any portion of the appellants’ complaint which shows “clear and positive evidence” of laches on the face of the complaint. Finally, it is at best questionable how laches applies in this case. This is a tort action and the complaint alleges that it was filed within the time required by the statute of limitations. § 95.11(6), Fla.Stat.; cf. Pratt v. Durkop, 356 So. 2d 1278 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978). We reverse the order as it relates to appellees Dann.

We affirm the trial court’s dismissal of appellee Federal Insurance Co. VanBibber v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Ins. Co., 439 So. 2d 880 (Fla.1983).

AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part and REMANDED.

COWART and GRIFFIN, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Bankers Ins. Co. v. Thomas, 684 So. 2d 246 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996)
    …substantiate the trial court’s finding that the appellees would be unduly prejudiced by the delay in notice of the lawsuit. Laches is an affirmative defense which, under the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, must be pled as such. Kornaker v. Payor, 565 So. 2d 899, 900 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990). Furthermore, “[a]s an affirmative defense, the burden of proving it is on its proponent, and it must be proved by very clear and positive evidence.” Golden v. Lewis, 647 So. 2d 979, 980 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994) (citing Van Meter…
  • First Union Nat'l Bank OF Fla. v. Hartle, 579 So. 2d 295 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991)
    …not indicate that failure to comply with that order would result in dismissal of the action. Further, the trial court erred in its reliance on the affirmative defense of laches as a ground for dismissal of appellant’s complaint. Kornaker v. Payor, 565 So. 2d 899 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990). The order dismissing appellant’s complaint with prejudice is reversed. HERSEY, C.J., POLEN, J., and RIVKIND, LEONARD, Associate Judge, concur. . Rule 1.420(b) provides in pertinent part: (b) Involuntary Dismissal. Any party…

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw