DAVID RICHARD CONSTANTINE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1990-08-17
No. 90-01611
DANAHY, A.C.J., and LEHAN and FRANK, JJ., concur.
566 So. 2d 321 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1990) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

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Synopsis

David Constantine appeals the summary denial of his motion for postconviction relief, challenging the conviction on lewd assault charges filed outside the statute of limitations. The court affirms most issues but reverses and remands regarding the statute of limitations defense for sex offenses involving minors.


Holding

The court affirmed the denial of relief on most issues but reversed and remanded for further proceedings on the statute of limitations issue. The court determined that while the 1985 amendment tolling the limitations period for sex offenses involving minors under sixteen does not apply to pre-1985 conduct, the question of whether Constantine's absence from Florida tolled the limitations period requires factual development on remand.


Headnotes

[1] A statute of limitations for second-degree felonies is generally three years from the date of the offense.

[2] A statute providing extended limitations periods for sex offenses against minors does not apply to offenses that would have been barred by the general statute of limitati…

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Key Quotes

“Ordinarily, the statute of limitations for second degree felonies is three years from the date of the offense. § 775.15(2)(b), Fla. Stat. (1989). Constantine was not charged until 1986, or nearly five years after the incidents giving rise to the two lewd assault charges.”

Establishes the fundamental statute of limitations violation that forms the basis for Constantine's ineffective assistance of counsel claim.

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Facts & Procedural History

Constantine was convicted of multiple sex offenses against a minor victim, with some alleged incidents occurring in 1981 when he resided in the victim…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

David Constantine appeals the summary denial of his motion for postconviction relief. We affirm the order of the circuit court with regard to all but one of the issues presented in the motion. We reverse and remand for further proceedings limited to that one issue.

Constantine was convicted of numerous sex offenses involving the same minor victim. Several of the offenses were alleged to have occurred in 1981, during a period of time in which Constantine resided in the victim’s home. A second incident allegedly occurred during a visit in 1985. Among the charges stemming from the 1981 episodes were two counts of lewd assault, a second degree felony. § 800.04, Fla.Stat. (1981).

Ordinarily, the statute of limitations for second degree felonies is three years from the date of the offense. § 775.15(2)(b), Fla. Stat. (1989). Constantine was not charged until 1986, or nearly five years after the incidents giving rise to the two lewd assault charges. Even so, defense counsel failed to seek dismissal of the charges. Constantine contends this omission constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel. See, e.g., People v. Grogan, 197 Ill.App.3d 18, 143 Ill.Dec. 730, 554 N.E. 2d 665 (1990).1

The state, in its response to Constantine’s motion, offered two alternative bases for denying relief. First, the state cited section 775.15(7), Florida Statutes (1989), applicable to sex offenses wherein the victims are under the age of sixteen. This 1985 enactment2 provides that the limitations period does not begin to run until the victim reaches sixteen, or reports the offense to a law enforcement agency, whichever occurs earlier. In the present case the first report was made in 1985, at which time the victim was approximately thirteen years of age. However, subsection (7) specifically exempts “an offense the prosecution of which would have been barred by subsection (2) on or before December 31, 1984.” Constantine’s 1981 misconduct is therefore not affected by the statute. See Scharfschwerdt v. Kanarek, 553 So. 2d 218 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989).

Alternatively, the state claimed that the statute of limitations was tolled by virtue of the fact Constantine moved to California in October, 1984. His “continuous absence from the state” could have extended the limitations period up to an additional three years. § 775.15(6), Fla.Stat. (1989). However, Constantine, in a “traverse” to the state’s response, contended that he had only “visited” California. The record on appeal does not confirm or deny the state’s claim.

We note that Constantine is presently serving, in addition to the penalty for lewd assault, six concurrent life sentences for sexual battery. § 794.011(2), Fla.Stat. (1981). Even if he should ultimately prove correct on the statute of limitations question, it may be of little practical benefit to him given our rejection of his remaining issues. Perhaps recognizing this, he has attempted to argue that the inclusion of the arguably invalid lewd assault charges somehow prejudiced the jury with respect to the more serious charges. His argument is not persuasive. At best, Constantine would be entitled to have the judgments and sentences for lewd assault vacated.

Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions.

DANAHY, A.C.J., and LEHAN and FRANK, JJ., concur. . Our research reveals no Florida cases directly on point. However, we believe analogy is appropriate to the alleged failure of counsel to recognize and avail himself of a speedy trial defense, which we have held may constitute ineffective assistance. See, e.g., King v. State, 485 So. 2d 877 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986); Bradfield v. State, 466 So. 2d 273 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985).

. Ch. 84-550, § 1, Laws of Fla.


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Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Burt Picklesimer, 606 So. 2d 473 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992)
    …s in concluding that seven years is the maximum allowable limitation under the statute. Based upon a careful reading of Sherley v. State, 538 So. 2d 148 (Fla. 5th DCA1989), Walker v. State, 543 So. 2d 353 (Fla. 5th DCA1989) and Constantine v. State, 566 So. 2d 321 (Fla. 2nd DCA1990), the Court disagrees. The state appealed to the Fourth DCA and the Florida Supreme Court has assigned a panel of judges from the Fifth DCA to hear the case. [*475] We agree with the state. In applying the three-year extension per…
  • Earvin Smith v. State, 211 So. 3d 176 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016)
    …court. See, e.g., Harper v. State, 43 So. 3d 174 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010); Byrd v. State, 754 So. 2d 191 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000); McGregor v. State, 933 So. 2d 1244 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006); Morris v. State, 909 So. 2d 428 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005); Constantine v. State, 566 So. 2d 321 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990). . As noted in the majority opinion, Smith did move to dismiss several other counts asserting they were barred by the statute of limitations, but did not raise such a challenge to the crime of armed burglary. In fact, the State u…

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