JOSE MACIAS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1990-12-28
No. 90-0632
DELL, STONE and GARRETT, JJ., concur.
572 So. 2d 22 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1990) Positive Treatment
Cited by 14 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Jose Macias appealed a corrected sentence that purportedly clarified his ten-year sentence as a mandatory minimum, thereby increasing his actual minimum time from three years to ten years. The court reversed, holding that once a legal sentence is entered and the defendant begins serving it, the trial court cannot subsequently modify it to increase the defendant's mandatory minimum term.


Holding

The trial court erred in modifying the written sentence after it had been entered and after Macias began serving it. Once a legal sentence is committed to writing and execution begins, the court cannot subsequently change it to increase the defendant's mandatory minimum, even if the change is characterized as a clarification. The original sentence must be reinstated.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court cannot increase a lawful sentence after the defendant has begun serving it.

[2] A trial court may correct an illegal sentence at any time, but may only revise a legal sentence to reduce it.

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Key Quotes

“once the statutory minimum had been properly eliminated, and the trial judge's discretion properly exercised, the original sentence was legal. Hence rule 3.800(a) did not authorize a motion to increase the sentence.”

Establishes the core principle that legal sentences cannot be increased under the criminal procedure rules

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Facts & Procedural History

Macias pled guilty to trafficking in cocaine and received substantial assistance credit from the prosecution. At sentencing on February 5, 1990, the t…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

This is an appeal from a corrected sentence increasing the length of mandatory minimum time to be served by appellant. We reverse. Jose Macias pled guilty to trafficking in cocaine. The state advised the court that the defendant had performed substantial assistance. On February 5, 1990, at sentencing, the court adjudicated defendant guilty, and noted that his conviction would normally carry a fifteen year mandatory minimum. The court sentenced the defendant to ten years in prison with three years minimum mandatory plus ten years probation and a $100,000 fine.

On February 9, 1990, the state filed a motion for clarification of sentence, stating that it had requested a mandatory minimum of ten years. It noted that the court sentenced defendant to ten years, but did not specify that it was to be served as the mandatory minimum. It requested the court to clarify that the ten year sentence was in fact a ten year mandatory minimum. On February 12, 1990, seven days after Macias began serving his sentence, the court held a hearing on the state’s motion. Sixteen days after the trial court entered the original sentence, it signed an order nunc pro tunc to February 5, 1990, chang ing the sentence to ten years minimum mandatory.

In Cherry v. State, 439 So. 2d 998 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983), the trial court imposed a sentence of three years, appellant began serving the sentence, and the trial court subsequently imposed a five year sentence. This court held that the trial court could not vacate the previous, legal sentence, and consequently remanded the case for reinstatement of the previous sentence.

This court noted in Cherry that Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a) permits a court to correct an illegal sentence at any time, and rule 3.800(b) allows revision of a legal sentence, but only insofar as it reduces the sentence. Although the prosecutor’s opinion regarding the suggested sentence is important, the trial judge has the final decision on sentencing once the court has been advised that the defendant provided substantial assistance. In Cherry, this court concluded that once the statutory minimum had been properly eliminated, and the trial judge’s discretion properly exercised, the original sentence was legal. Hence rule 3.800(a) did not authorize a motion to increase the sentence.

This court also pointed out in Cherry that in addition to lacking authority under the rules, an increase of a lawful sentence is expressly prohibited by case law and constitutes double jeopardy. It noted a few instances where the increase has been upheld: Rizzo v. State, 430 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA), pet. for rev. denied, 440 So. 2d 353 (Fla.1983); Farber v. State, 409 So. 2d 71 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Jolly v. State, 392 So. 2d 54 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981). This court concluded that, none of those fact patterns being present, the general rule forbidding sentence increases prevailed.

The state argues that the trial court did not increase appellant’s sentence, but simply “clarified” that the original ten year sentence was a mandatory minimum. It maintains that the trial court’s failure to announce that the ten year sentence was a mandatory minimum was, as in Rizzo, a slip of the tongue. It argues that since the subsequent sentence did not “increase” appellant’s sentence, the trial court did not violate rule 3.800(b) or the prohibition against double jeopardy.

We recognize that the trial court’s failure to state that the sentence it imposed was a mandatory minimum may have been an oversight. If it had been caught prior to entering the written judgment and sentence, it may be that the court could have clarified itself, as in Rizzo. However, that is not the case. Instead, the trial court signed and entered a written sentence, committing appellant for a term of ten years, three years minimum mandatory. Appellant began serving that sentence. Consequently, the trial court erred in subsequently changing that written sentence. Therefore the sentence is reversed and remanded for reinstatement of the first written sentence.

DELL, STONE and GARRETT, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Evans v. State, 675 So. 2d 1012 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
    …once sentence is imposed, jeopardy attaches, and appellant cannot be resentenced to a greater term of imprisonment. Such a sentence would constitute double jeopardy. Id.; see also Hinton v. State, 446 So. 2d 712 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984); Macias v. State, 572 So. 2d 22 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990). In Hill v. State, 652 So. 2d 904 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), the trial court failed to orally pronounce a ten-year mandatory minimum sentence for the defendant as an habitual violent felony offender. However, the written order of sent…
  • Kelly v. State, 137 So. 3d 2 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014)
    …ce, the defendant may not thereafter be resentenced for an increased term of incarceration.” Rizzo v. State, 430 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). This principle applies to any increase to a mandatory minimum aspect of a sentence. See Macias v. State, 572 So. 2d 22, 23 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990) (holding it was error to increase a mandatory minimum sentence once the court entered a written sentence which the appellant had begun serving). Although the trial court here declared at the resentencing hearing that its int…
  • Gonzalez v. State, 596 So. 2d 711 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)
    …ervice of his sentence, he may not be resentenced to a greater term of imprisonment. Such a sentence would constitute double jeopardy. Troupe v. Rowe, 283 So. 2d 857 (Fla.1973); Hinton v. State, 446 So. 2d 712 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984).”); Macias v. State, 572 So. 2d 22, 23 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990) (“[A]n increase of a lawful sentence is expressly prohibited by case law and constitutes double jeopardy.”); Berry v. State, 547 So. 2d 1273, 1274 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989) (“[The] court may not impose a greater sentence once [the]…

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