AMERICAN AIRLINES AND THE TRAVELERS INSURANCE CO., APPELLANTS,
v.
BEVERLY MILLER, APPELLEE
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In this workers' compensation appeal, the Florida First District Court of Appeal reversed an award of wage-loss benefits to an employee who sustained a compensable knee injury in 1980. The court held that the claimant's right to wage-loss benefits was barred by the two-year limitation period in section 440.15(3)(b)3(a) because she demonstrated capacity to earn pre-injury wages for more than two years after reaching initial maximum medical improvement without receiving benefits.
The claimant is not eligible to receive wage-loss benefits claimed because more than two years elapsed after her initial October 23, 1980 MMI date without wage-loss benefits being payable for at least three consecutive months. The time limitations in section 440.15(3)(b)3 do not restart upon reaching a subsequent MMI date, and the claimant's six-year period of full-time work after the initial MMI demonstrates she had capacity to earn pre-injury wages, triggering the statutory bar.
[1] A claimant's right to wage-loss benefits terminates at the end of any 2-year period commencing after maximum medical improvement, unless wage-loss benefits were payable f…
[2] Wage-loss benefits are not considered 'payable' for purposes of statutory termination if the claimant is unable to collect benefits due to circumstances beyond their cont…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“only if the claimant has demonstrated a capacity to earn as much or more than his pre-injury earnings, and not when, due to circumstances beyond the claimant's control, he is unable to collect benefits.”
Establishes the standard from Monroe Furniture for when wage-loss benefits are deemed 'payable' under the statute
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe claimant sustained a compensable injury to both knees on May 13, 1980, reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) on October 23, 1980, and continue…
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SHIVERS, Chief Judge.
The employer/carrier (E/C) in this workers’ compensation case appeal an order awarding the claimant wage-loss benefits from December 17, 1987 through March 5, 1990 and continuing. We reverse the award for the reasons set out below.
The record indicates that the claimant sustained a compensable injury to both knees on May 13, 1980, received medical treatment, and reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) on October 23, 1980. Although she continued to work full-time after her accident, the injury to her left knee eventually worsened, requiring her to undergo surgery in June of 1986. Claimant returned to work with restrictions on August 21, 1986. On December 17, 1987, she was placed on a medical leave of absence and did not return to work after that date.
In March of 1990, a hearing was conducted on claimant’s claim for temporary partial disability and/or wage-loss benefits from December 17, 1987. After considering the evidence, the judge of compensation claims (JCC) found that the claimant originally reached MMI on October 23, 1980, became temporarily totally disabled following her 1986 surgery, reached MMI again on August 21,1986, and “subsequent to the reattainment of maximum medical improvement on August 21, 1986 [was] again entitled to receive wage-loss benefits as long as she hasn’t previously received 350 weeks of said benefits.... ” The judge then awarded wage-loss benefits from December 17, 1987 through the date of the order and continuing.
Section 440.15(3)(b)3, Florida Statutes (1979) provides that a claimant’s right to wage-loss benefits shall terminate:
a. As of the end of any 2-year period commencing at any time subsequent to the month when the injured employee reaches the date of maximum medical improvement, unless during such 2-year period wage-loss benefits shall have been payable during at least 3 consecutive months;
b. For injuries occurring on or before July 1, 1980, 350 weeks after the injured employee reaches the date of maximum medical improvement; c. For injuries occurring after July 1, 1980, 525 weeks after the injured employee reaches maximum medical improvement; or d. When the injured employee reaches age 65,
whichever comes first.
(emphasis supplied)
In Monroe Furniture Company v. Bonner, 509 So. 2d 1264 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987), this court held that the language of section 440.15(3)(b)3.a. referring to benefits “payable” permitted termination of wage-loss benefits to occur:
only if the claimant has demonstrated a capacity to earn as much or more than his pre-injury earnings, and not when, due to circumstances beyond the claimant’s control, he is unable to collect benefits. ... We say only that in order for the statutory limitation of section 440.-15(3)(b)3.a. to apply, the evidence must disclose that wage-loss benefits were not payable solely because of the amount of income received by the worker, and not for any other reason.
509 So. 2d'at 1266-67 (emphasis in original).
In the instant case, the claimant is not eligible to receive the wage-loss benefits claimed since it is clear that more than two years elapsed after her initial October 23, 1980 MMI date without wage-loss benefits having been “payable” for at least three consecutive months. In fact, the evidence is undisputed that the claimant continued working full-time for more than six years after the accident, and that she did not become eligible for wage-loss benefits until December 17, 1987. Therefore, claimant clearly demonstrated a capacity to earn as much or more than her pre-injury earnings for more than two years following her October 23, 1980 MMI date.
Further, although we recognize that a claimant may have more than one MMI date, neither section 440.15(3)(b)3 nor the case law interpreting that section provides for any of the time limitations in subsection (3)(b)3 to be reactivated if the claimant does reach a subsequent point of MMI. Accordingly, we reverse the JCC’s award of wage-loss benefits from December 17, 1987 and continuing, on the basis that the award is barred by section 440.15(3)(b)3.a., Florida Statutes (1979).
REVERSED.
BOOTH and ALLEN, JJ., concur.
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McCRORY Stores/National Union & Crawford & Co. v. Workman, 596 So. 2d 804 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992)…0.15(3)(b)3.a., Florida Statutes (1985)1 was correctly applied, then wage loss benefits are forever barred and the award of wage loss benefits from December 5, 1990 would be reversible. See American Airline and Travelers Insurance Company v. Miller, 575 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990). However, application of that statute to bar appellee’s claim for wage loss benefits from December 1988 until March 1990 was inconsistent with other specific findings made by the JCC in his order. Application of the statute neces…
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Weiss v. City OF Tampa Police Dep't & Alexsis Risk Mgmt. Servs., Inc., 632 So. 2d 129 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994)…rs subsequent to MMI with no three-month period of wage loss eligibility. Moreover, claimant submitted no evidence that during the two-year period, wage loss was payable or that he was qualified to receive wage loss. See American Airlines v. Miller, 575 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990), rev. denied, 583 So. 2d 1036 (Fla.1991) (claimant not entitled to receive wage loss benefits where more than two years elapsed from her initial MMI date without wage-loss benefits having been “payable” for at least three consecu…
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Ky. Fried Chicken & Crawford & Co. v. Tyler, 716 So. 2d 295 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998)…a subsequent point of MMI. Accordingly, we reverse the JCC’s award of wage-loss benefits from December 17, 1987 and continuing, on the basis that the award is barred by section 440.15(3)(b)3.a., Florida Statutes (1979). American Airlines v. Miller, 575 So. 2d 669, 670 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991). If Ms. Tyler succeeds on remand in proving a direct and immediate causal connection between physical injury sustained in the industrial accident and a psychiatric condition which requires treatment, she will be entitled to…
Authorities Cited
- Monroe Furniture Co. & Aetna Cas. & Sur. v. Bonner, 509 So. 2d 1264 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987)