MICHIGAN MILLERS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, PETITIONER,
v.
DAWN BOURKE, MICHELE FOCO, THE ESTATE OF LEISA VOSS AND THE ESTATE OF B. ALLEN REEVES, RESPONDENTS

Fla. 2d DCA | 1991-07-10
No. 91-01140
RYDER, A.C.J., and DANAHY and LEHAN, JJ., concur.
581 So. 2d 1368 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1991) Caution
Cited by 27 cases

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Synopsis

An insurance company challenges a trial court order allowing a bad faith claim to proceed parallel to an underlying coverage dispute. The Florida appellate court holds that a bad faith claim against an insurer cannot accrue or proceed until the underlying contractual claim is resolved, and thus the trial court erred in lifting the abatement.


Holding

A bad faith claim cannot accrue or proceed until after the underlying contractual litigation is concluded and liability and damages are determined. The trial court therefore departed from the essential requirements of law in lifting the abatement of the bad faith claim before resolution of the coverage dispute.


Headnotes

[1] A bad faith claim against an insurer does not accrue before the conclusion of the underlying contractual litigation.

[2] A cause of action for bad faith failure to settle cannot exist absent a determination of the existence of liability on the part of the tortfeasor and the extent of the pl…

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Key Quotes

“Absent a determination of the existence of liability on the part of the uninsured tortfeasor and the extent of the plaintiffs damages, a cause of action cannot exist for a bad faith failure to settle.”

The Supreme Court's holding that a bad faith claim does not accrue until the underlying litigation concludes, establishing the legal standard the appellate court applies.

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Facts & Procedural History

Michigan Millers Mutual insured a vehicle involved in a deadly accident with a school bus. The respondents (injured occupants and representatives of d…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Petitioner, an insurer, seeks review of an order lifting the abatement of an action for a bad faith denial of coverage and compelling discovery of certain documents in the claim file. We grant certiorari because we find that allowing the bad faith action to proceed before termination of the underlying contractual litigation constituted a departure from the essential requirements of law.

Petitioner insured a car involved in a deadly traffic accident with a school bus. Respondents are the injured occupants, and the personal representatives of the now deceased occupants, of the car., The pending lawsuit between the parties includes a contractual claim on the policy and a bad faith claim pursuant to section 624.155, Florida Statutes (1989). The procedural history of the case is more fully set forth in this court’s decision in Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance Co. v. Bourke, 581 So. 2d 1365 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991) (Michigan Millers I). In Michigan Millers I, this court affirmed the trial court’s summary judgment that respondents were entitled to uninsured motorist benefits coverage.

After the trial court granted the summary judgment on coverage, respondents, relying upon Kujawa v. Manhattan National Life Insurance Co., 541 So. 2d 1168 (Fla.1989), filed a motion to lift the previously ordered abatement of the bad faith claim. At the same time, respondents filed motions to compel the discovery of various materials in the petitioner’s claim file. While the appeal of the summary judgment as to the coverage issue was pending, the trial court lifted the abatement of the bad faith claim and compelled only the discovery of materials in the claim file not violative of the Kujawa decision.

In ordering the bad faith claim to proceed, the trial court relied upon Royal Insurance Co. v. Zayas Men’s Shop, Inc., 551 So. 2d 553 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989), interpreting Zayas to permit a breach of contract claim and a bad faith claim to be maintained simultaneously. The trial court interpreted Blanchard v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 575 So. 2d 1289 (Fla.1991), to hold that a litigant does not forfeit his cause of action for bad faith by not joining the two claims, not that the two cannot be jointly maintained.

The eleventh circuit certified three questions to the Florida Supreme Court in Blanchard v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 903 F. 2d 1398 (11th Cir.1990). In its opinion the federal court articulated its concern with the maintenance of a cause of action for bad faith when the cause of action may not have accrued until the end of the underlying contractual litigation. The supreme court answered the first question posed by the federal court in the negative: an insured’s bad faith claim against an uninsured motorist carrier for failure to settle does not accrue before the conclusion of the underlying litigation. Blanchard, 575 So. 2d at 1290. The supreme court wrote: “Absent a determination of the existence of liability on the part of the uninsured tortfeasor and the extent of the plaintiffs damages, a cause of action cannot exist for a bad faith failure to settle.” The supreme court noted that the remaining two questions regarding whether joinder was permissive or mandatory were moot. Because under Blanchard respondents’ bad faith claim does not exist until liability and the extent of damages are determined, we hold that the trial court departed from the essential requirements of law in lifting the abatement of the bad faith claim.

Based upon our decision to quash the portion of the trial court’s order requiring the bad faith claim to proceed before the conclusion of the underlying contractual litigation, we also quash the portions of the order compelling discovery of the claim file. In so doing, we need not reach the specific issues argued by the parties regarding the particular materials compelled.

The petition for writ of certiorari is granted; the order of the trial court is quashed.

RYDER, A.C.J., and DANAHY and LEHAN, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (16 total)

  • …ses for the insurer to pay the claim. A party suing its insurer for bad faith failure to settle an uninsured motorist claim may not conduct discovery on the claim file until the underlying claim is resolved. Michigan Millers Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bourke, 581 So. 2d 1368 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991).4 State Farm also cites Colonial Penn Ins. Co. v. Mayor, 538 So. 2d 100 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989), another uninsured motorist case dealing with abatement of the bad faith claim and the discoverability of the insurance claim file while t…
  • Vanguard Fire & Cas. Co. v. Golmon, 955 So. 2d 591 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006)
    …al court should not have allowed the statutory claims to proceed. See Hoy, 927 So. 2d 122; Clough v. Gov’t Employees Ins. Co., 636 So. 2d 127, 129 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994), rev. denied, 645 So. 2d 452 (Fla.1994); Michigan Millers Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bourke, 581 So. 2d 1368, 1370 (Fla. 2nd DCA 1991). All of the Golmons’ claims in Counts 2 through 5 fall within the Blanchard rule. Vanguard will suffer irreparable harm if it is forced to defend against both the breach of contract and bad faith claims simultaneously. See…
  • …. 1st DCA 2006), petition for cert. filed, No. SC 06-1303 (Fla. June 29, 2006), and dismissed No. SC06-1303 (Fla. Sept. 9, 2008); United Auto. Ins. Co. v. Tienna, 780 So. 2d 1010, 1011 n. 4 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); Mich. Millers Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bourke, 581 So. 2d 1368, 1370 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), which have reached the issue and concluded that a bad faith claim is premature and does not accrue until the underlying insurance contract action is concluded and “the ... carrier’s appeal has been finally determined,” see…

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