WILLIAM PRIVETTE, PETITIONER,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, ON BEHALF OF ANGELA SEASE, RESPONDENT

Fla. 2d DCA | 1991-08-09
No. 91-00536
DANAHY, A.C.J., and THREADGILL and ALTENBERND, JJ., concur.
585 So. 2d 364 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1991) Caution
Cited by 12 cases

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Synopsis

William Privette challenged a circuit court order compelling him to submit to HLA blood testing in a paternity action. The Florida District Court of Appeal held that while HLA testing may be ordered in paternity cases, the trial court must first make a threshold showing that the complaint is brought in good faith and is likely to be supported by reliable evidence, with consideration given to the presumption of legitimacy and the child's best interests.


Holding

A putative father has standing to invoke the presumption of legitimacy in a paternity action. Before ordering HLA or similarly intrusive testing in a contested paternity action, the trial court must make a threshold showing that the complaint is brought in good faith and is likely to be supported by reliable evidence, and must consider whether the child's interests will be adversely affected by circumventing the presumption of legitimacy.


Headnotes

[1] A party in a paternity action has standing to invoke the presumption of legitimacy to avoid mandatory blood testing.

[2] The presumption of legitimacy, one of the strongest rebuttable presumptions in law, requires a substantial showing to overcome.

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Key Quotes

“one of the strongest rebuttable presumptions known to the law”

Describes the legal strength of the presumption that a child born in wedlock is the biological issue of the marriage partners

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Facts & Procedural History

Angela Sease brought a paternity action against William Privette on behalf of her daughter, seeking a determination of paternity, child support, and o…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

William Privette seeks certiorari review of a circuit court order which compels him to submit to a Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) blood test. We grant the petition.

A paternity action has been brought against Privette by Angela Sease on behalf of her daughter. The child’s birth certificate states that Jim Sease, who was and is married to Angela, is the child’s father. Nevertheless, Ms. Sease now maintains that Privette is the actual father. The complaint seeks, in addition to a determination of paternity, the award of child support and other costs.

Privette, seeking to avoid the HLA testing procedure, invokes the well-recognized presumption that a child born in wedlock is “the blood issue of the partners of such marriage.” Knauer v. Barnett, 360 So. 2d 399, 403 (Fla.1978). This presumption has been described as “one of the strongest rebuttable presumptions known to the law.” Eldridge v. Eldridge, 153 Fla. 873, 16 So. 2d 163 (1944). Privette argues that the heavy burden of proof required to overcome this presumption has not been satisfied by Ms. Sease, who merely utilizes a “standard preprinted [complaint] form” furnished by HRS, while official documents such as the child’s birth certificate contain contradictory claims as to paternity.

The facts of this case are remarkably similar to those which recently divided our sister court in Pitcairn v. Vowell, 580 So. 2d 219 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991). Were we to follow the majority’s reasoning in that case our inquiry would proceed no farther, for they hold “that a putative father does not have standing to raise the presumption of legitimacy in avoidance of the potential ordering of support for the child.” 580 So. 2d at 222. However, we believe the better view regarding standing is expressed in the dissenting opinion by Judge Nimmons, wherein he states:

The petitioner’s invocation of the presumption of legitimacy serves the salutary purpose out of which the presumption was borne, i.e., maintaining the legitimacy of children. Indeed, precluding the petitioner from invoking the presumption runs counter to that purpose. The fact that the petitioner may benefit from such presumption by demonstrating that the obligation of support rests elsewhere is no reason to bar its use in this case.

580 So. 2d at 223-24.

Having concluded that Privette does have standing to challenge the order re quiring blood testing, we turn to the arguments advanced before the trial court and its reasons for ordering the testing, and find the latter to be insufficient. No evidence was presented at the hearing below. Instead, the trial court appears to have relied solely upon section 742.12, Florida Statutes (1989), which HRS argued is mandatory whenever any party to a paternity action requests HLA testing. However, we cannot agree that the statute is disposi-tive where, as here, the objection to the testing is grounded in the right to privacy guaranteed by our state constitution, Article I, § 23. The intrusive and highly personal nature of the HLA testing procedure and of the circumstances surrounding its use in court proceedings mandates that we consider this right. See, e.g., Van Nostrand v. Olivieri, 427 So. 2d 374 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983).

Of course, the right of privacy is no more absolute than is the presumption of legitimacy. We agree with the majority in Pitcairn to the extent they hold that the paramount consideration in cases such as this is the best interests of the child. In our view a proper balance can be struck by requiring, before ordering HLA or similarly intrusive testing in a contested paternity action, a threshold showing that the complaint is brought in good faith and is likely to be supported by reliable evidence. When, as in the present case, the issue is complicated by the effect of the presumption of legitimacy, the trial court should also determine whether the child’s interests will be adversely affected by allowing a party to circumvent that presumption.

The petition for writ of certiorari is granted, the circuit court’s order requiring HLA testing is quashed, and this case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

DANAHY, A.C.J., and THREADGILL and ALTENBERND, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • …KOGAN, Justice. We have for review Privette v. State Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services, 585 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), based on express and direct conflict with Pitcairn v. Vowell, 580 So. 2d 219 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla. Const. The Florida Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services (HRS) pursued this…
  • G.F.C. v. S.G. and D.G., 686 So. 2d 1382 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997)
    …ranted the petition, reasoning that Privette’s privacy rights and the best interests of the child should have been weighed by the trial court before ordering a human leukocyte test. Privette v. State Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, 585 So. 2d 364, 366 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991). Upon review, the supreme court expressed great concern about impugning the legitimacy of the child and the parental rights of the child’s legal father. The court defined a “legal father” as the man to whom the mother was mar…
  • Spence v. Stewart, 705 So. 2d 996 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998)
    …th DCA 1992). Thus, matters involving custody and visitation in paternity actions should be based on the best interest of the child, as they are in dissolution proceedings. See Privette v. State of Florida, Dep’t of Health and Rehabilitative Servs., 585 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), approved, 617 So. 2d 305 (Fla.1993); Benac v. Bree, 590 So. 2d 536 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991). Under section 61.13(2)(b)(2)(c), Florida Statutes (1995), a court may award grand-parental visitation rights in a dissolution proceeding if t…

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