STEVEN SIMON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1991-11-13
No. 90-3086
HERSEY and GARRETT, JJ., concur.
589 So. 2d 381 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1991) Negative Treatment
Cited by 19 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Steven Simon appealed his conviction for battery on a police officer and resisting arrest with violence. The appellate court reversed and remanded for a new trial, finding that the trial court reversibly erred by refusing to instruct the jury on the justifiable use of non-deadly force and by sentencing Simon as a habitual offender without making all required statutory findings.


Holding

The trial court reversibly erred in both respects. First, because there was evidence supporting Simon's theory that he used non-deadly force when tackled and shackled by police, and the lesser included offense of battery on a police officer appeared on the verdict form, a jury instruction on justifiable use of non-deadly force was required. Second, the trial court must specifically make all findings required by section 775.084(1)(a) before sentencing a defendant as a habitual felony offender, which were not made here.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court reversibly errs in refusing to instruct the jury on the justifiable use of non-deadly force when there is some evidence to support the defense and the lesse…

[2] A jury instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force is a legitimate defense to the charge of battery on a police officer.

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Key Quotes

“When there is some evidence introduced to support an instruction on the theory of a defense, it is error for the trial court to fail to give the requested jury instruction.”

Establishes the standard for when trial courts must give jury instructions on theories of defense

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Facts & Procedural History

Steven Simon was charged with attempted first degree murder, depriving an officer of his means of protection, resisting arrest with violence, and poss…

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Opinion of the Court
GUNTHER, Judge.

GUNTHER, Judge.

Steven Simon (Simon) appeals his conviction and sentence for battery on a police officer and resisting arrest with violence. Simon raises six issues but only two have merit.

Simon was charged with attempted first degree murder (count I), depriving an officer of his means of protection (count II), resisting arrest with violence (count III), and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon (count IV).

We agree with Simon’s contention that the trial court reversibly erred in refusing to instruct the jury on the justifiable use of non-deadly force. “When there is some evidence introduced to support an instruction on the theory of a defense, it is error for the trial court to fail to give the requested jury instruction.” Heddleson v. State, 512 So. 2d 957, 959 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987). In the present case, Simon was entitled to a jury instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force because it is a legitimate defense to the charge of battery on a police officer, a lesser included offense of count I. Furthermore, if believed by the jury, there was evidence which could support Simon’s theory of defense that he used non-deadly force when he was tackled and shackled by the police.

In a somewhat similar factual setting, the First District stated that it was error for a trial court to fail to give a requested jury instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force. O’Steen v. State, 547 So. 2d 235, 236 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989). In O’Steen, the defendant was charged with aggravated battery and found guilty of the lesser included offense of simple battery. His request for an instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force was denied, even though the lesser included offense of simple battery was on the verdict form. The O’Steen court reasoned that because simple battery was a possible verdict, an instruction on self-defense by force not likely to cause either death or great bodily harm should have been given. The First District did not reverse, however, because the state carried its burden to show that the error was harmless. Id. at 236; See State v. DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d 1129, 1135 (Fla.1986).

The instant case is similar to O’Steen. The defendant requested an instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force; the evidence, if believed by the jury, could support such a request; the lesser included offense appeared on the verdict form; and the defendant was convicted of that lesser included offense. Further, the state did not argue on appeal that the failure to give the requested instruction was harmless. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court reversibly erred in denying Simon’s request for a jury instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force.

Simon’s point that the trial court erred in sentencing him as a habitual offender is well taken. We agree with Simon’s contention that the findings required by the habitual felony offender statute, section 775.084(l)(a) 3, 4, Florida Statutes (1989), were not met. A trial court must specifically make the findings required by section 775.084(l)(a) before sentencing a defendant as a habitual felony offender. Smith v. State, 573 So. 2d 194, 194 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991).

In summary, we conclude that a jury instruction on the justifiable use of non-deadly force should have been given. Further, the trial court erred in sentencing Simon as a habitual felony offender because not all of the requisite statutory findings were made. Thus, we reverse the conviction and sentence, and we remand this matter to the trial court.

REVERSED AND REMANDED FOR A NEW TRIAL.

HERSEY and GARRETT, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Gregory v. State, 937 So. 2d 180 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)
    …v. State, 909 So. 2d 414, 415 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005); Upshaw v. State, 871 So. 2d 1015, 1017 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004) (quoting Arthur v. State, 717 So. 2d 193, 194 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)); Garramone v. State, 636 So. 2d 869 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994); Simon v. State, 589 So. 2d 381, 382 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Deveaugh v. State, 575 So. 2d 1373, 1374 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Cooper v. State, 573 So. 2d 74, 76 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990); Kilgore v. State, 271 So. 2d 148, 152 (Fla. 2d DCA 1972). The trial court should not weigh the evidence…
  • van Bryant v. State, 602 So. 2d 582 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992)
    …statutory obligation to make findings regarding those factors, if the defendant does not affirmatively raise, as a defense, that the qualifying convictions provided by the state have been pardoned or set aside? [*583] Id. at 1121. In Simon v. State, 589 So. 2d 381 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991), this court held: We agree with Simon’s contention that the findings required by the habitual felony offender statute, section 775.-084(l)(a)3, 4, Florida Statutes (1989), were not met. A trial court must specifically make the f…
  • Johnson v. State, 597 So. 2d 353 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992)
    …is mandatory statutory duty, the trial court’s failure to make such findings is appealable regardless of whether such failure is objected to at trial. [*355] Id. at 454. Rolle v. State, 586 So. 2d 1293 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991). See also, Simon v. State, 589 So. 2d 381 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Rowland v. State, 583 So. 2d 813 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991); Smith v. State, 573 So. 2d 194 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991). In the instant case, the trial court did not make any of the requisite findings. Rather, the court merely stated that appell…

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