ROBERT LEE JONES, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1991-12-03
No. 91-994
SHIVERS and ZEHMER, JJ., concur.
590 So. 2d 982 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1991) Negative Treatment
Cited by 18 cases

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Holding

The court held that the defendant's actions of concealing suspected cocaine from police did not constitute tampering with evidence under the statute, as it did not rise to the level of conduct the legislature intended to criminalize.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court may properly accept a motion for judgment of acquittal made at sentencing, even if the initial motion was generally worded, provided the specific legal grou…

[2] The act of concealing or discarding contraband in the immediate presence of law enforcement, without further evidence of intent to impair its availability for a future pr…

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Facts & Procedural History

A police officer observed Robert Lee Jones with what appeared to be cocaine. When ordered to hand it over, Jones put his hand in his pocket, and durin…

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Opinion of the Court
JOANOS, Chief Judge.

JOANOS, Chief Judge.

Robert Lee Jones has appealed from his conviction of tampering with evidence, contrary to section 918.13(l)(a), Florida Statutes (1989). We reverse. A police officer, patrolling a motel known for drug transactions, observed Jones emerge from a motel room carrying a piece of brown paper on which appeared to be cocaine. The officer ordered Jones to hand the paper to him, and Jones stuffed his hand in his pocket. The officer grabbed his arm, and the two'tumbled into some bushes. No brown paper or drugs were thereafter found, either on the ground or on Jones’ person.

Jones was subsequently charged with tampering with evidence, contrary to section 918.13(l)(a). The section provides that no person, knowing that a criminal trial or proceeding or an investigation is pending or is about to be instituted, shall alter, destroy, conceal, or remove any thing with the purpose to impair its availability in such proceeding or investigation. Jones was also charged with resisting an officer without violence, contrary to section 843.-02. The foregoing facts were adduced at trial, where no motions for acquittal were made. The jury convicted Jones of both charges on February 1, 1991.

Rule 3.380(c), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, permits the filing of a motion for judgment of acquittal after a jury verdict of guilty within 7 days, or “such further time as the court may allow.” On February 7, 1991, Jones’ counsel filed a motion for acquittal, alleging generally that “the evidence presented by the state is insufficient to warrant conviction.” At the February 19, 1991 sentencing proceeding, the trial court permitted Jones to renew the motion based on Boice v. State, 560 So. 2d 1383 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990).

Boice held that the act of tossing away a small bag of cocaine in the presence of arresting officers did not “rise to the level of conduct which constitutes a concealment or removal of something for the purpose of impairing its availability for the criminal trial.” Boice at 1384. The trial judge stated only that he did not agree with Boice, and denied the motion. He sentenced Jones to 5 years on the tampering charge, and 1 year on the charge of resisting arrest. Jones, who challenges only the tampering conviction, argues that, under Boice, his motion should have been granted. The state responds only that the sufficiency of the evidence to convict was not properly presented to the trial court, so that Jones’ argument was not preserved for appeal. We disagree.

Under Rule 3.380, the trial court could properly accept the motion for judgment of acquittal made at sentencing on February 19, 1991. Further, although the initial motion was couched in general terms, the specific ground that Jones’ conduct did not legally constitute tampering was argued to the trial court at sentencing, and rejected. Therefore, the state’s contention that Jones cannot properly make his argument on appeal is without merit.

Turning to the issue before us, we agree that Jones’ conviction of tampering must be reversed, and a judgment of acquittal entered. In Boice, the defendant tossed cocaine out of his car window when police moved in to arrest him; the cocaine was recovered. The court held that this act was not intended by the legislature to constitute tampering under section 918.13. It noted that otherwise, should a 19-year old toss a beer can from his car as he was being stopped by police, the individual could be charged, not only with the second-degree misdemeanor of possession of alcoholic beverages, but the third-degree felony of tampering. It held that “[w]e do not believe that the legislature intended an additional felony under such circumstances.” Boice at 1385.

Boice was clarified in Thomas v. State, 581 So. 2d 993 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991). In Thomas, the defendant tossed away a bag of marijuana when police approached him, but unlike Boice, and as in the instant case, the discarded contraband was never recovered. The Thomas court nevertheless held Boice controlling, finding that it did not “pivot upon a defendant’s successful removal or concealment of physical evidence, but on the type of conduct the legislature intended to criminalize under the tampering statute.” Thomas at 994.

The facts of this case are indistinguishable from those set forth in Thomas. An officer approached Jones to obtain what appeared to be cocaine. Jones immediately put his hand in his pocket, but the act of keeping the drug on his person cannot be said to “impair its availability for trial.” § 918.13, Fla.Stat. (1989). The two then fell to the ground, and no drugs could thereafter be found. Assuming that Jones tossed away cocaine during the fall, under Boice and Thomas, this conduct does not rise to the level contemplated by section 918.13.

We therefore reverse Jones’ conviction for tampering with evidence, with instructions that a judgment of acquittal be entered on that charge. Jones does not appeal his conviction and sentence for resisting arrest without violence, which conviction and sentence shall not be affected by this opinion.

Reversed and remanded.

SHIVERS and ZEHMER, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • McKINNEY v. State, 640 So. 2d 1183 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
    …dant claimed was filled with “only marijuana.” Id. at 994. In both cases, we concluded the state had failed to prove that the defendant intentionally altered, destroyed, concealed or removed the cocaine for the requisite purpose. In Jones v. State, 590 So. 2d 982 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), the First District reached a similar result where a defendant allegedly stuffed his hand and a piece of paper containing cocaine into his pocket. A policeman had ordered Mr. Jones to give him the paper. After a struggle the pape…
  • McKENZIE v. State, 632 So. 2d 276 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
    …r where he was arrested. The court reasoned whether or not a defendant under these circumstances violates a statute should not hinge on the mere chance that the evidence is found or not found after the defendant has discarded it. In Jones v. State, 590 So. 2d 982 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), a police officer, observing a motel known for drug transactions, saw defendant emerge from a room with a piece of brown paper on which there appeared to be cocaine. Defendant resisted arrest and in the ensuing tussle between the…
  • State v. Darrel Jennings, 666 So. 2d 131 (Fla. 1995)
    …Although he removed the cocaine from his hand, he did not remove the cocaine from the immediate area of his interest. Mr. Boice merely abandoned the evidence. Id. at 1384. In Munroe v. State, 629 So. 2d 263, 264 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993), Jones v. State, 590 So. 2d 982, 983 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), and Thomas v. State, 581 So. 2d 993, 994 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), the courts relied on Boice for the proposition that tossing evidence away in the presence of a law enforcement officer does not constitute tampering under section…
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