DEXTER BROOKS, A MINOR BY AND THROUGH GWENDOLYN MCCOOK, A PARENT, APPELLANT,
v.
MIKE ELLIOTT, ET AL., APPELLEES

Fla. 5th DCA | 1992-02-21
No. 91-830
GOSHORN, C.J., and COBB, J„ concur.
593 So. 2d 1209 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1992) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

A minor's federal civil rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against public employees was dismissed by the trial court on grounds that it was barred by the statute of limitations and failed to comply with Florida's three-year notice requirement. The appellate court reversed, holding that the complaint was timely filed and that federal law preempts Florida's notice requirement when applied to § 1983 claims.


Holding

The complaint was timely filed because filing is complete upon delivery to and receipt by the proper officer, and the evidence conclusively established delivery on October 31, 1990, before the statute of limitations expired. Additionally, Florida's notice requirement is preempted by federal law under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and may not be applied to bar such claims.


Headnotes

[1] A file marking on a complaint is evidence of the date of filing, but it is not conclusive and is rebuttable.

[2] Filing of a pleading is complete when it is delivered to and received by the proper officer.

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Key Quotes

“Filing is complete once the pleading is delivered to and received by the proper officer.”

Establishes the legal standard for when filing occurs—delivery and receipt, not the clerk's date stamp—making the date-stamp rebuttable evidence.

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Facts & Procedural History

On October 31, 1986, an event occurred giving rise to a civil rights claim. Appellant's attorney mailed the complaint via UPS Next Day Air on October …

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Opinion of the Court
RICHARDSON, E., Associate Judge.

RICHARDSON, E., Associate Judge.

This is an appeal of an order dismissing appellant’s complaint with prejudice. The trial court found as a matter of law that the cause of action was barred by the applicable statute of limitations. Further, the trial court ruled that dismissal was appropriate because appellant failed to comply with the three year notice requirement of section 768.28, Florida Statutes (1989). We reverse.

The complaint in this case was date-stamped by the clerk on November 1, 1990. It alleges a violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The event giving rise to the complaint occurred on October 31, 1986.

On November 29, 1990, appellees filed a motion to dismiss on the grounds, inter alia, that the statute of limitations had expired and that appellant had failed to comply with the notice requirement of section 768.28, Florida Statutes, which waives sovereign immunity. A hearing was held on the motion to dismiss at which the trial court heard testimony and received documentary evidence. Notwithstanding the evidence and testimony presented, the trial court ruled as a matter of law that the court file reflects that the complaint was filed on November 1, 1990 and was therefore barred by the statute of limitations.

The file marking on the complaint is evidence of the date of filing, but the same is not conclusive and such evidence is rebuttable. Filing is complete once the pleading is delivered to and received by the proper officer. Bituminous Casualty Corp. v. Clements, 148 Fla. 175, 3 So. 2d 865 (Fla.1941); Cook v. Walgreen Co., 399 So. 2d 523 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981).

In the instant case, the only evidence presented supported appellant’s position that the complaint was delivered to and received by the clerk within the limitations period. There is a UPS address label dated October 30, 1990 marked “Next Day Air” addressed to the “Clerk of the County Court Circuit”, a letter from appellant’s attorney, also dated October 30, 1990 stating that a complaint and filing fee are enclosed, a UPS delivery record, dated October 31, 1990 and signed for by Sara Mason, Administrative Assistant to the Clerk who identified her signature, and a UPS shipper tracer form stating the package was delivered on October 31, 1990. In addition, Tracy Tucker, who routinely clocks in documents for the circuit court, civil division, testified that when a document was delivered on the last day of the month, it might not be checked in as received because they are so busy with closing out the month.

The trial court erred in dismissing the complaint on the ground that the clerk’s date stamp indicated that the complaint was filed beyond the statute of limitations when the only evidence adduced contradicted that conclusion. A factual question was raised which precludes dismissal.

In Howlett v. Rose, 496 U.S. 356, 110 S.Ct. 2430, 110 L.Ed.2d 332 (1990), the United States Supreme Court ruled that a state notice-of-claim statute that effectively shortened the statute of limitations and imposed an exhaustion requirement on claims against public agencies and employees was preempted insofar as it applied to 42 U.S.C. section 1983 actions. Felder v. Casey, 487 U.S. 131, 108 S.Ct. 2302, 101 L.Ed.2d 123 (1988). Thus, federal law preempts Florida from imposing a notice-of-claim requirement on appellant that effectively shortens to three years the four-year statute of limitations. The trial court erred in dismissing appellant’s complaint based upon alleged noncompliance with the notice requirements of section 768.28, Florida Statutes.

Accordingly, the order of the trial court is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

GOSHORN, C.J., and COBB, J„ concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • …indicates a belated filing); State v. Smiley, 802 So. 2d 418, 419 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) (remanding for evidentiary hearing after appellant disputed the accuracy of the clerk’s time stamp on the apparently untimely notice of appeal); Brooks v. Elliott, 593 So. 2d 1209, 1210 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992) ("The file marking on the complaint is evidence of the date of filing, but the same is not conclusive and such evidence is rebuttable.”).…
  • Moran v. City OF Lakeland, 694 So. 2d 886 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997)
    …. Prudential Ins. Co. of America, 607 So. 2d 514 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992) (state statute mandating assessment of attorney’s fees against insurers of ERISA plan is preempted by ERISA, which provides for discretionary award of said fees); Brooks v. Elliott, 593 So. 2d 1209 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992) (error to dismiss section 1983 complaint for failure to comply with notice requirement of section 768.28 because federal law preempts imposition of such a requirement). The City specifically stated at the hearing on its motion f…
  • McRAE v. Douglas, 644 So. 2d 1368 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994)
    …, 102 L.Ed.2d 594 (1989). Owens holds that where state law provides multiple statutes of limitations, a section 1983 action is governed by the general personal injury statute of limitations, which, in our state, is four years. See Brooks v. Elliott, 593 So. 2d 1209 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992). . Internal personnel policy provisions promulgated by the sheriff do not give a deputy a property interest. Szell, 414 So. 2d at 278. See also Wilkerson v. Butterworth, 492 So. 2d 1169 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986). . McRae claims that…

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