ROBERT EARL JACKSON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed Robert Earl Jackson's second degree murder conviction because the trial court improperly allowed his wife to testify about communications between them that were protected by the marital privilege under Florida law. The court held that the communications were privileged and that none of the statutory exceptions to the marital privilege applied.
The court held that the trial court erred in allowing the wife's testimony because the communications were protected by the marital privilege and none of the statutory exceptions to the privilege applied. Although witness intimidation is a crime, because the appellant was not charged with that crime, the statutory exception for crimes could not be invoked to overcome the privilege.
[1] Communications between spouses intended to be confidential are protected by the marital privilege, even after the marital relationship ends.
[2] The marital privilege does not protect communications that are not intended to be made in confidence between spouses.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing, communications which were intended to be made in confidence between the spouses while they were husband and wife.”
Statement of the marital privilege statute that governed the trial court's decision
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant's wife testified that Jackson had called her from jail approximately thirty times attempting to get her to change her trial testimony, inclu…
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PER CURIAM.
We reverse the second degree murder conviction of appellant and remand for a new trial because the trial court erred in allowing appellant’s wife to testify to communications between appellant and her contrary to section 90.504, Florida Statutes (1989).
Appellant’s wife testified that he had called her from jail thirty times in an effort to get her to change her trial testimony which he thought would inculpate him in the murder. These included threats to do bodily harm to the wife. Over appellant’s objection that such testimony was precluded by the marital privilege, the trial court agreed with the state that such testimony was not privileged as it did not appear to contain the sanctity of marriage and additionally amounted to “witness threats”.
Section 90.504(1), Florida Statutes provides:
A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing, communications which were intended to be made in confidence between the spouses while they were husband and wife.
There is a strong public policy supporting the marital privilege. See Smith v. State, 344 So. 2d 915 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977). The courts will not engage in an after-the-fact analysis of whether a statement is “incidental to” or “because of” the marital relationship, because a married couple, and each of them, should be secure in the knowledge that their private communications are exactly that — private. Id. at 919.
There are of course exceptions to the marital privilege, and they are spelled out in the statute. § 90.504(3)(a)-(c), Fla. Stat. (1989). However, none of these apply here. While threatening a witness is a crime, and had appellant been charged with that crime his wife could have testified against him, section 90.504(3)(b), Florida Statutes (1989), the state did not charge him with that crime. As the statute specifically delineates those exceptions to the marital privilege, we are loathe to add additional exceptions. See Smith. See also Johnson v. State, 451 So. 2d 1024 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). Thus, it was error to allow the testimony. From a reading of the transcript we cannot conclude that this error did not affect the verdict.
The appellant also challenges the sufficiency of the circumstantial evidence to support the verdict. We affirm because the errors of which he complains were not preserved. He claims that the only evidence which placed him at the scene and tied him to the crime was the prior inconsistent testimony of witness Salley. That, he maintains, could not be considered as substantive evidence against him because it was not given under oath subject to the penalty of perjury at trial or some other proceeding. § 90.801(2)(a), Fla.Stat. (1989); State v. Delgado-Santos, 497 So. 2d 1199 (Fla.1986). However, appellant made no argument to that effect to the trial court. Thus, the trial court considered the evidence from witness Salley and the wife in considering the motion for judgment of acquittal and, based on that, properly denied the motion. Secondly, appellant claims that the court erred in declaring witness Salley to be a hostile or court witness in order to impeach him with his prior inconsistent statement. We see no need to address this issue for retrial, because the evidence code has been amended to allow any party to attack the credibility of a witness. See section 90.608(1), Florida Statutes (Supp.1990).
Reversed and remanded for a new trial.
GLICKSTEIN, C.J., and DOWNEY and WARNER, JJ., concur.
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Lynch v. State, 2 So. 3d 47 (Fla. 2008)…alysis of whether a statement is ‘incidental to' or 'because of' the marital relationship, because a married couple, and each of them, should be secure in the knowledge that their private communications are exactly that — private.” Jackson v. State, 603 So. 2d 670, 671 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992) (citations omitted) (citing Smith v. State, 344 So. 2d 915, 919 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977)). . Consent is a recognized exception to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement. See, e.g., Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 219,…
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State v. Famiglietti, 817 So. 2d 901 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002)…refuse, and may insist that others refuse, to disclose the communication. Id. § 90.503(2). There is no language in the Code which expressly or impliedly allows anyone to override a valid claim of psychiatrist-patient privilege. Cf. Jackson v. State, 603 So. 2d 670, 671 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992) (“As the statute specifically delineates those exceptions to the marital privilege, we are loath to add additional exceptions.”) (citations omitted). When the legislature desires to create a qualified privilege, it knows ho…
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Solis v. Ingrid Calvo, 689 So. 2d 366 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)…mandated under Kinney. We find the other two points raised by the appellant to be without merit. See § 90.608(1), Fla.Stat. (1995); Gibson v. State, 661 So. 2d 288 (Fla.1995); Spradley v. Stick, 622 So. 2d 610 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993); Jackson v. State, 603 So. 2d 670 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992); Florida East Coast Ry. Co. v. Shulman, 481 So. 2d 965 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986). Affirmed. . A motion to dismiss or to strike is the proper vehicle to bring the issue before the trial court. Henn v. Sandler, 589 So. 2d 1334 (Fla. 4th…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Delgado-Santos, 497 So. 2d 1199 (Fla. 1986)
- Smith v. State, 344 So. 2d 915 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977)
- Johnson v. State, 451 So. 2d 1024 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984)