COREY GRIER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Corey Grier, a seventeen-year-old charged with multiple felonies, challenges the state attorney's decision to directly file charges against him in adult court rather than juvenile court. The court affirms, holding that while the state attorney must develop written policies governing direct-file decisions under Florida law, noncompliance with this requirement does not automatically invalidate the prosecution or require dismissal absent evidence of selective prosecution or discriminatory motive.
The court holds that while section 39.022(5)(e) requires state attorneys to develop and submit written policies governing direct-file decisions, the statute contains no explicit sanction for noncompliance, and such noncompliance does not automatically invalidate the prosecution or require dismissal. The state attorney's absolute discretion to direct-file remains intact under section 39.047(4)(e)(5), though this discretion is subject to constitutional constraints against discriminatory or ethically tainted prosecution. Dismissal or transfer to juvenile court is appropriate only upon demonstration of selective prosecution or discriminatory motive.
[1] A state attorney's discretion to direct-file charges against a child over sixteen in adult court is absolute, absent proof of discriminatory motive or ethical taint.
[2] Failure by a state attorney to develop and submit written policies governing the direct-filing of charges against a child, as required by statute, does not automatically…
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Under section 39.047(4)(e)(5), the state attorney may "direct-file" against a child over the age of sixteen whenever "in his judgment and discretion the public interest requires that adult sanctions be considered or imposed." This discretion has been described as absolute.”
Establishes the state attorney's broad discretion to direct-file and that the statute requiring written policies does not eliminate this discretion.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCorey Grier was seventeen years old when arrested for grand theft, assault, attempted aggravated battery, and discharging a firearm in public. The sta…
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PER CURIAM.
Corey Grier appeals his convictions and sentences for grand theft, assault, attempted aggravated battery, and discharging a firearm in public.
At the time of his arrest Grier was seventeen years old. The state opted to “direct file” the charges in adult court. Grier moved to dismiss and, upon an adverse ruling, entered a plea of no contest.1 The motion was based upon section 39.022(5)(e), Florida Statutes (1991), which states that “[e]ach state attorney shall develop written policies and guidelines which govern determinations for filing an information on a child” and requires submission of those guidelines to the governor and legislature no later than January 1, 1991. Apparently the state attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit did not compile or submit any such policies.
In response to Grier’s argument, the state pointed out that the legislature included no specific sanction for noncompliance, and thus that subsection (5)(e) should be viewed as “merely aspirational.” The trial court stopped short of such a dismissive view, stating that Grier might have a remedy if he could demonstrate that the state was selectively prosecuting him as an adult. In the absence of such proof, however, the court would neither dismiss the informations nor transfer the case to juvenile court.2
We believe the trial court’s interpretation is both reasonable and sustainable. Under section 39.047(4)(e)(5), the state attorney may “direct-file” against a child over the age of sixteen whenever “in his judgment and discretion the public interest requires that adult sanctions be considered or imposed.” 3 This discretion has been described as absolute. State v. Cain, 381 So. 2d 1361 (Fla.1980).4 We must presume the legislature was aware of its prior enactments, and interpretations thereof such as Cain, when drafting subsection 39.-022(5)(e), and that it would have explicitly stated had it intended to overrule or modify them.
This is not to suggest that Grier is correct when he states “there is [otherwise] no sanction for not following the law,” or that the subsection does not serve a salutary purpose. Certainly a “direct-file” based on discriminatory motive or ethical taint would pose grave constitutional problems, with or without statutory limitations on the power of the prosecutor. Furthermore, should the policy reports from the various state attorneys indicate that the present system of “direct-filing” is fundamentally flawed, curative legislation is likely to be proposed. Noncompliance with subsection 39.022(5)(e) by a state attorney implies disinterest in the juvenile justice system and invites restrictions upon authority heretofore deemed virtually absolute. To the extent the subsection contemplates “sanctions,” they exist in this unspoken admonition.
We affirm the judgment and sentence. In so doing we strongly urge the state attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit to submit the statutorily mandated guidelines if he has not already done so.
Affirmed.
PARKER, A.C.J., and ALTENBERND and BLUE, JJ., concur. . In exchange for the plea the state dropped certain charges and reduced others. The details of the plea agreement are not material to the issue raised in this appeal.
. The record is silent as to any ulterior motive behind the "direct-filing" and, in fact, strongly suggests that Grier could be prosecuted as an adult under any reasonable standard.
. More specifically, the state may file misdemeanor charges only when the child has committed two prior delinquent acts including at least one felony.
.The relevant statute has changed somewhat since Cain, although not in any way material to our decision.
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Hernandez v. State, 117 So. 3d 778 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013)…and mandates rejection of Hernandez’s claim, as he had no absolute right to be processed and charged as a juvenile. Reyna v. State, 866 So. 2d 214, 215 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004); Brazill v. State, 845 So. 2d 282, 287-89 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003); Grier v. State, 605 So. 2d 503, 504 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992); Jones v. State, 443 So. 2d 434, 435 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). Competency to Stand Trial Finally, Hernandez maintains that he was incompetent to stand trial. “A trial court’s decision regarding competency will stand absent a sho…
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Reyna v. State, 866 So. 2d 214 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004)…State v. Cain, 381 So. 2d 1361 (Fla.1980), remains dispositive and mandates rejection of the defendant’s claim. See also Johnson v. State, 314 So. 2d 573, 576 (Fla.1975); Brazill v. State, 845 So. 2d 282, 286-89 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003); Grier v. State, 605 So. 2d 503, 504 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992); Jones v. State, 443 So. 2d 434 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). Affirmed.2 . The crime date was March 20, 2002. . The defendant also argued that paragraph 985.227(l)(a), Florida Statutes was unconstitutional. That provision applies t…
Authorities Cited
- State v. Cain, 381 So. 2d 1361 (Fla. 1980)