TERRY LYNN BARFIELD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1993-01-14
No. 91-2255
ALLEN and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.
613 So. 2d 507 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1993) Positive Treatment
Cited by 18 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Terry Barfield was convicted of dealing in stolen property after a jury trial, but the appellate court reversed his conviction because the trial judge gave a jury instruction creating an inference of guilt based on purchase/sale price substantially below fair market value when no evidence of fair market value was actually presented at trial.


Holding

The trial judge erred in giving the jury instruction because fair market value was never established and the instruction lacked sufficient definition and meaningful standards for application, amounting to an improper comment on the evidence that invaded the jury's province. The error was not harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.


Headnotes

[1] A jury instruction creating an inference of knowledge of stolen property based on a substantially below fair market value purchase or sale is improper when the fair marke…

[2] The phrase "substantially below the fair market value" lacks sufficient definition to guide a jury's application of an inference of knowledge of stolen property, especial…

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property at a price substantially below the fair market value unless satisfactorily explained gives rise to an inference that a person buying or selling the property knew or should have known that the property had been stolen.”

The exact jury instruction given by the trial judge that was found to be erroneous

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

On May 25, 1990, fishing equipment including a cast net worth $135 when new was stolen from Jesse Moore's garage. The cast net was recovered from a pa…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
WIGGINTON, Judge.

WIGGINTON, Judge.

Appellant appeals his conviction, after jury trial, of dealing in stolen property, challenging the giving of a certain jury instruction. We reverse his conviction and remand for a new trial.

Appellant was originally charged with dealing in stolen property and grand theft of certain fishing equipment belonging to Jesse Moore. At the close of the evidence, the trial judge reduced the grand theft charge to petit theft. The jury found appellant guilty on both counts but, pursuant to section 812.025, Florida Statutes, the trial judge vacated the petit theft conviction.

At trial, Jesse Moore testified that on May 25, 1990, fishing equipment, including a used cast net which had been worth $135 when it was new, was stolen from his garage. He reported the theft the next day. His fishing equipment, including the cast net, was recovered from a pawn shop. The pawn shop owner testified and produced a pawn slip showing that Moore’s cast net was pawned at his shop by appellant for $15 on May 25, 1990.

Appellant’s defense was that he bought the net from a friend on May 24, 1990 (the day before the theft even occurred) for $10 and pawned it the next day. Appellant testified that he had thought the net could be pawned for $20 to $25. No concrete evidence of the net’s current fair market value was offered at trial. Nevertheless, over the objection of defense counsel, pursuant to section 812.022(3), Florida Statutes (1989), the trial judge gave the following instruction to the jury when instructing on the dealing in stolen property count:

Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property at a price substantially below the fair market value unless satisfactorily explained gives rise to an inference that a person buying or selling the property knew or should have known that the property had been stolen. Appellant argues that giving that instruction was error because the fair market value of the cast net was never established. We agree.

In Fenelon v. State, 594 So. 2d 292 (Fla.1992), the court directed that the jury instruction on flight no longer be given. In so declaring the court recognized that the flight instruction has long been eliminated from the Florida Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases, apparently in an effort to eliminate language which might be construed as a comment on the evidence. Id. at 294. The court also expressed concern over the fact that a meaningful standard is lacking for assessing what type of evidence merits giving that instruction.

We note that the instant instruction also has not been included in the Florida Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases. Similar to the situation in some flight instruction cases, in the instant case, considering the lack of proof of the net’s current fair market value, the evidence was insufficient to support the giving of the challenged instruction. Further, the words “substantially below the fair market value,” do not provide terms sufficiently defined to adequately inform a jury as to the appropriate circumstances in which to apply the inference created by. that instruction especially when the proof of fair market value is as deficient as it was in this case. More importantly, as was the court in Fenelon, we are troubled by the lack of a meaningful standard for assessing what type of evidence merits the giving of the instant instruction. Consequently, we are concerned that this instruction amounts to an improper comment on the evidence by the trial judge and thereby invades the province of the jury. For those reasons, we find that the giving of this instruction was error. Unlike in Fenelon, we cannot conclude that the giving of the instruction in this case was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Therefore, we reverse his conviction and remand for a new trial.

ALLEN and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Walker v. State, 896 So. 2d 712 (Fla. 2005)
    …the trial court stating that “[inconsistent exculpatory statements can be used to affirmatively show consciousness of guilt and unlawful intent,” constituted a comment on the evidence and should no longer be given. Similarly, in Barfield v. State, 613 So. 2d 507, 508 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993), the First District reversed a conviction for petit theft on the ground that a jury instruction regarding the inference arising from the sale of recently stolen property at a price substantially below fair market value was,…
  • Walker v. State, 853 So. 2d 498 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003)
    …See Edwards v. State, 603 So. 2d 89, 91 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992). . For these purposes, it does not matter whether the challenged instruction was drafted by the judge or lifted directly from the standard jury instructions. See, e.g., Barfield v. State, 613 So. 2d 507, 507 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993).…
  • Dawson v. State, 66 So. 3d 1077 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
    …t value. The instruction given accurately states the law, but there is no evidence in the record [*1078] of the fair market value. We are compelled by our prior decision in a nearly identical case to find that this was error. See, Barfield v. State, 613 So. 2d 507, 508 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993). Because we are unable to say the error was harmless, we reverse. REVERSED. PADOVANO, LEWIS, and THOMAS, JJ., concur.…

Previewing 3 of 10 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw