EILEEN K. MARIANO, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1993-03-10
No. 92-0218
FARMER, J., and WALDEN, JAMES H., Senior Judge, concur., STONE, J., concurs specially with opinion.
615 So. 2d 264 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1993) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Eileen Mariano was convicted of attempting to acquire a controlled substance (bontril) by uttering a forged prescription. The Florida Court of Appeal reversed because the state presented only circumstantial evidence that failed to exclude a reasonable hypothesis of innocence—that Mariano went to the pharmacy only to have the birth control portion of the prescription filled and resolve the bontril mistake.


Holding

The court reversed the conviction because the circumstantial evidence failed to exclude the reasonable hypothesis of innocence that appellant went to the pharmacy only to have the birth control portion of the prescription filled and to resolve the mistake regarding the bontril. The state failed to meet its burden of proving an intent to acquire the controlled substance.


Headnotes

[1] An attempt to commit a crime requires proof of a specific intent to commit the crime and an overt act towards its commission, carried beyond mere preparation but falling…

[2] When a conviction is based entirely on circumstantial evidence, the evidence must be inconsistent with any reasonable hypothesis of innocence to sustain the conviction.

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Key Quotes

“an attempt exists only when there is 'an intent to commit a crime, coupled with an overt act apparently adapted to effect that intent, carried beyond mere preparation, but falling short of execution of the ultimate design.'”

Establishes the legal definition of attempt required to prove the charged crime.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellant was charged with attempting to acquire bontril, a controlled substance, by uttering a forged prescription. She entered a not guilty plea and…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant was charged by information with uttering a forged prescription for a controlled substance, bontril, and she entered a plea of not guilty and elected a nonjury trial. The trial court found appellant guilty as charged, withheld adjudication, and sentenced her to six months’ probation. We reverse.

Section 893.13(3)(a)1, Florida Statutes (1991), under which appellant was charged, provides that it is unlawful “[t]o acquire or obtain, or attempt to acquire or obtain, possession of a controlled substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge.” (emphasis added).

The state proceeded on the theory that appellant attempted to acquire or obtain bontril by uttering a forged prescription. There was no evidence that she actually did acquire or obtain the bontril. In Thomas v. State, 531 So. 2d 708, 709-710 (Fla.1988), the Florida Supreme Court noted that an attempt exists only when there is “an intent to commit a crime, coupled with an overt act apparently adapted to effect that intent, carried beyond mere preparation, but falling short of execution of the ultimate design.” (citing Gustine v. State, 86 Fla. 24, 26, 97 So. 207, 208 (1923)).

Thus, the. state is required to prove two general elements to establish an attempt: (1) a specific intent to commit a particular crime, and (2) an overt act towards its commission. Thomas, 531 So. 2d at 708, 710. This common law requirement is codified at section 777.04(1), Florida Statutes (1991).

“Intent” is often not subject to direct proof and can only be inferred from circumstantial evidence. Coester v. State, 573 So. 2d 391 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Jones v. State, 192 So. 2d 285 (Fla. 3d DCA 1966). In State v. Law, 559 So. 2d 187, 188 (Fla.1989), the Florida Supreme Court noted as follows:

A special standard of review of the sufficiency of the evidence applies where a conviction is wholly based on circumstantial evidence. Jaramillo v. State, 417 So. 2d 257 (Fla.1984 ).

Where the only proof of guilt is circumstantial, no matter how strongly the evidence may suggest guilt, a conviction cannot be sustained unless the evidence is inconsistent with any reasonable hypothesis of innocence. McArthur v. State, 351 So. 2d 972 (Fla.1977); Mayo v. State, 71 So. 2d 899 (Fla.1954).

The question of whether the evidence fails to exclude all reasonable hypotheses of innocence is for the jury to determine, and where there is substantial, competent evidence to support the jury verdict, we will not reverse. Heiney v. State, 447 So. 2d 210 (Fla.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 920, 105 S.Ct. 303, 83 L.Ed.2d 237 (1984); Rose v. State, 425 So. 2d 521 (Fla.1982), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 909, 103 S.Ct. 1883, 76 L.Ed.2d 812 (1983), disapproved on other grounds, Williams v. State, 488 So. 2d 62 (Fla.1986).

In the instant case, the evidence adduced at trial failed to exclude the reasonable hypothesis that appellant went to the pharmacy to have only the birth control portion of the prescription filled and to straighten out the mistake as to the bontril portion of the prescription. Therefore, because the state failed to meet its burden of introducing competent evidence which was inconsis tent with appellant’s theory of events, we find that the trial court erred in denying appellant’s motion for judgment of acquittal.

REVERSED AND REMANDED with directions to discharge defendant.

FARMER, J., and WALDEN, JAMES H., Senior Judge, concur. STONE, J., concurs specially with opinion.

Concurrence
STONE, Judge,

STONE, Judge,

concurring specially.

I agree with the majority opinion but wish to emphasize that the clerk’s testimony makes it clear that the appellant was not seeking the bontril but only the birth control pills.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Mercer v. State, 656 So. 2d 555 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995)
    …the charged offense requires proof of misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge. Proof of any one of these misdeeds necessarily requires a showing of knowledge and intent on the part of the perpetrator. See, e.g., Mariano v. State, 615 So. 2d 264 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993) (to prove defendant attempted to obtain possession of a controlled substance by uttering a forged prescription, state was required to establish specific intent to commit the crime). The prosecutor incorrectly informed the jury th…
  • Cortez v. State, 766 So. 2d 1143 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000)
    …The crime of attempting to acquire a controlled substance by forgery is not a strict liability crime and it does require proof of fraudulent intent on the part of the defendant. Mercer v. State, 656 So. 2d 555 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995); Mariano v. State, 615 So. 2d 264 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993). The proof of this issue was indeed circumstantial. The prescription traveled from Dr. Litsky to his emergency room nurse, to Cortez. And then, two weeks later, to Cortez’s friend, to the pharmacy assistant, to Crager. By the ti…

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