APHRODITE E. KARATINOS AND NICHOLAS E. KARATINOS, APPELLANTS,
v.
TOWN OF JUNO BEACH, FLORIDA, AND FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1993-04-14
No. 92-0673
GLICKSTEIN, C.J., and ANSTEAD, J„ concur., GLICKSTEIN and KLEIN, JJ„ concur.
621 So. 2d 469 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1993) Caution
Cited by 7 cases

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Synopsis

The Karatinos, who owned oceanfront property, sued the Town of Juno Beach for damages, alleging the town wrongfully prevented them from building on their property from 1982 to 1985. The court affirmed judgment for the town, finding that even if the town acted improperly, the Florida Department of Natural Resources would never have approved any construction on the property, breaking the causal chain between the town's actions and the alleged damages.


Holding

The court affirmed judgment for the town, finding that regardless of whether the town's actions were improper, the Karatinos would never have obtained DNR approval to build on their property, thus breaking the causal link between the town's actions and any damages. Even if a possibility existed that DNR might have approved the project before purchasing the property in 1991, this possibility cannot overcome the trial court's finding of fact, supported by competent evidence, that DNR would never have permitted any building on the property.


Headnotes

[1] A landowner cannot recover damages for a temporary taking if the landowner would never have received necessary governmental approval to develop the property, even absent…

[2] A court's factual finding that a landowner would never have received necessary governmental approval to develop property is supported by competent evidence if an expert t…

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Key Quotes

“A classic Catch-22.”

Describes the regulatory deadlock where DNR would not process the Karatinos' application without town approval, and the town would not approve without DNR approval.

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Facts & Procedural History

The Karatinos purchased oceanfront property in 1958 with 209 feet of oceanfront. In 1979, DNR established a Coastal Construction Control Line that ran…

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Opinion of the Court
KLEIN, Judge.

KLEIN, Judge.

The Karatinos, who owned unimproved oceanfront property, sued the Town of Juno Beach and the Florida Department of Natural Resources (DNR), contending they were being deprived of all use of their property. Their claim against DNR was for inverse condemnation, and their claim against the town was for declaratory relief and damages pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In 1991 DNR purchased the property and was then dismissed from the case. The Karatinos tried their claim for damages against the town alleging they were deprived of the use of their property from 1982 to 1985 as a result of the town’s wrongful refusal to allow them to build. The trial court found against them, and we affirm.

The Karatinos purchased their property in 1958, intending to build rental units or a small motel in the future. The property has 209 feet of oceanfront and the western border (abutting A1A) is approximately 200 feet from the water’s edge.

In 1979 DNR established its Coastal Construction Control Line in Palm Beach County, prohibiting construction east of the line unless DNR granted a permit. This line ran approximately 20 feet east of the western border of the Karatinos’ property, leaving no room for development. Adding insult to injury, the town, shortly thereafter, established a setback line, 50 feet to the west of DNR’s Coastal Construction Control Line, which was, of course, off the property.

In December, 1981, the Karatinos submitted an application to the town for site plan approval showing alternative developments of from two to ten units, all of which violated the town’s setback line. The town disapproved for that reason. The town setback ordinance had a procedure for obtaining modification; however one of the requirements was approval from DNR. The Karatinos then filed an application with DNR for permission to build over the Coastal Construction Control Line, but DNR refused to process the application until the Karatinos received approval from the town. A classic Catch-22.

In 1983 the Karatinos filed this lawsuit. In 1984 the Karatinos sought permission from the town to construct a six-unit project, and in 1985 the town approved two units for the property. In May, 1986, and again in May, 1987, DNR formally considered and denied appellants’ application to build on their property.

In 1991 DNR purchased the Karatinos’ property, but the Karatinos continued their claim against the town, claiming they were improperly deprived of all use of their property by the town from 1982, when the town first turned their project down, to 1985, when the town approved two units. The town denied that it did anything improper and, in the alternative, argued that if its actions were improper they were not the cause of the Karatinos’ damages. We agree with the town’s alternative argument and therefore need not decide whether it acted properly.

Ralph Clark, a coastal engineer with DNR who administered Florida’s coastal construction regulatory program during the years involved here, testified that DNR would never have permitted any building seaward of the Coastal Construction Control Line on this property. In the final judgment the court found as a matter of fact that the Karatinos would never have gotten approval from DNR to build seaward of the Coastal Construction Control Line and that accordingly the Karatinos’ project “was doomed, regardless of the Town’s action.”

The Karatinos acknowledge there was evidence that DNR would never have allowed them to build, but argue that this does not preclude them from recovering damages for a temporary taking from 1982 to 1985. They argue that since DNR did not purchase the property until 1991, there was a possibility that DNR would have approved their project during 1982 to 1985. While this may have been a possibility, it cannot be the basis to reverse findings of fact supported by competent evidence that DNR would never have allowed anything to be built on this property.

Affirmed.

GLICKSTEIN, C.J., and ANSTEAD, J„ concur.

Other
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Motion for rehearing is denied.

GLICKSTEIN and KLEIN, JJ„ concur. ANSTEAD, J., concurs specially with opinion.

Concurrence
ANSTEAD, Judge,

ANSTEAD, Judge,

concurring specially.

I concur in the denial of rehearing.

The appellants take issue, of course, with our holding that the trial court did not err in concluding they are entitled to no relief for the alleged “temporary taking” of their property by virtue of the confusion and delay created by the town in having the state consider the appellants’ attempts to build. However, the town ordinance in question did not facially prohibit all development; rather, it made consideration of a request for development dependent upon the owner’s securing state approval. Hence, there was a provision for development although it was confusing, because it had the approval procedure reversed from the procedure employed by the state. However, once that was straightened out, the town permitted development, whereas the state subsequently refused any development. Appellants, of course, were compensated by the state in a settlement.

There is no doubt that the town’s ordinance and action delayed the owners’ attempt to get a final answer to their request to develop. However, I would place this delay more in the category of the “normal delays” created by the myriad of governmental procedures mentioned by the Supreme Court in First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles, 482 U.S. 304, 321, 107 S.Ct. 2378, 2389, 96 L.Ed.2d 250 (1987), as not giving rise to a temporary taking or entitlement to compensation. Obviously, not every delay in the development process attributable to the government results in a “temporary taking.” This is true even where the delay is the “fault” of the government. Here there was a snafu that was eventually worked out. In reality, and in the final analysis, it was the state’s restriction on development, both by statute and by rule that prevented the owners from using their land, and not the actions of the town.


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Citator

Cited By

  • City OF Pompano Beach v. Yardarm Rest., Inc., 641 So. 2d 1377 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
    …; City of Austin v. Teague, 570 S.W. 2d 389 (Tex.1978) (finding taking where city denied permit specifically to preserve area as scenic easement for benefit of public and to prevent development of any kind). See also Karatinos v. Town of Juno Beach, 621 So. 2d 469 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993) (finding that city was not cause of taking where city engineer testified that state would never have permitted construction of any building on property), review denied, 634 So. 2d 625 (Fla.), and cert. denied, - U.S. -, 114 S.Ct.…
  • City OF Riviera Beach v. Shillingburg, 659 So. 2d 1174 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)
    …use of the property, especially where the decision as to the intended uses is not solely its to make and where it appears that other agencies may indeed be responsible for opposing any further development. See, e.g., Karatinos v. Town of Juno Beach, 621 So. 2d 469 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993), review denied, 634 So. 2d 625 (Fla.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 114 S.Ct. 2133, 128 L.Ed.2d 864 (1994); Taylor. We agree with the trial court’s reasoning in its first “final judgment” and find the second, partial judgment, which i…
  • Golf Club OF Plantation, Inc. v. City OF Plantation, 847 So. 2d 1028 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …his action. It is therefore necessary to address the other two contentions. On the merits, Owner argues that the trial court misapplied City of Riviera Beach v. Shillingburg, 659 So. 2d 1174 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), and Karatinos v. Town of Juno Beach, 621 So. 2d 469 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993), in dismissing its case. It suggests that the trial court mistakenly believed that Owner’s inverse condemnation claims were based solely on the City’s failure to grant Owner’s four residential use applications for rezoning. In tr…

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