STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
ALLEN E. NATHAN, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1994-02-09
No. 92-3625
BOOTH, LAWRENCE and DAVIS, JJ., concur.
632 So. 2d 127 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1994) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

A downward departure sentence is improper if the stated reasons are insufficient or unsupported by the record evidence.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court's reasons for downward departure sentencing must be supported by sufficient record evidence.

[2] Loss of gain time on an existing sentence is an insufficient reason for downward departure sentencing for escape.

Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

The defendant escaped from prison and was arrested two years later. The trial court imposed a downward departure sentence, citing medical issues, loss…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

This cause is before us on appeal by the State from a downward departure sentence. After careful examination of the record, we must agree with the State that each of the trial court’s four stated reasons for departure is either insufficient or unsupported by sufficient record evidence. We therefore reverse.

The relevant facts are that after serving one year of a five-year sentence for burglary and dealing in stolen property, appellee escaped on December 19, 1989, from the Law- tey Correctional Institution, when he walked through that institution’s front entrance. Approximately two years later, appellee was arrested when the driver of the car in which he was riding was stopped for reasons apparently unrelated to appellee’s conduct. On October 12, 1992, appellee and the State entered into an agreement under which the State and appellee recommended that the trial court impose a sentence of four and a half years’ imprisonment, the lowest permitted (not recommended) guideline sentence.

At sentencing, appellee presented mitigating evidence. He stated that he walked out of the Lawtey Correctional Institution because he was not receiving medical attention for certain medical problems. He did not testify to the nature of the medical problems or the reason that treatment was insufficient. He also stated, “and I’m going through the same thing right now with an ear infection that I’ve had since October.” Appellee further stated that he still had the infection and had been “stuck” with another inmate’s I.V. needle. Appellee finally stated that after he left the prison, he did construction work and stayed out of trouble. Appellee had lost all of the gain time on the sentence he was serving at the time of the escape.

The trial court imposed a sentence of six months’ incarceration, to run consecutive to the sentence appellee was then serving, which was about to expire. The trial court stated as reasons for the downward departure (1) that appellee had left prison because of medical problems and to seek better medical care; (2) that appellee had lost the gain time which had accrued as to the sentence he was then serving; (3) that appellee was out of prison almost two years without committing another offense; and (4) that appellee appeared to be remorseful about the escape.

The trial court has broad discretion in setting forth reasons for upward or downward departure sentencing. However, the trial court may not depart from the guidelines for reasons expressly prohibited by the guidelines, for factors taken into account in calculating the guideline score, or for reasons which are an inherent component of the crime in question. State v. Mischler, 488 So. 2d 523 (Fla.1986). Any stated reason for departure must be based upon circumstances reasonably justifying departure, and the evidence must be sufficient to support the trial court’s finding of such circumstance by a preponderance of the evidence. Felts v. State, 537 So. 2d 995 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988), approved, 549 So. 2d 1373 (Fla.1989); § 921.001, Fla.Stat. (Supp.1992).

Of the four reasons set forth by the trial court as justifying downward departure, appellee makes no response to the State’s contentions that his loss of gain time and the fact that he committed no further crimes after his escape are insufficient reasons for downward departure. We must agree with the State that these reasons are insufficient. We have found no reported appellate decision on the issue of whether a defendant’s loss of gain time on an existing sentence is sufficient justification for a downward departure sentence for escape. Appellee’s loss of gain time, however, was authorized by section 944.28, Florida Statutes (1989). Because the law contemplates that an inmate convicted of escape may lose the gain time which has accrued on the sentence he is serving at the time of his escape, the loss of such gain time cannot support a downward departure. Likewise, appellee’s having refrained from criminal activity for the two-year period following his escape is also an insufficient reason for downward departure. The law contemplates that persons within the jurisdiction of this state obey its laws, and the guidelines take into account the extent to which a defendant has done so. State v. Sacks, 526 So. 2d 48 (Fla.1988); Mischler. On the issue of whether appellee’s decision to leave prison to seek better medical treatment justified downward departure, State v. Howell, 572 So. 2d 1009 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), is instructive. In Howell, a defendant sentenced for violation of probation for attempted lewd and lascivious assault upon a child received from the trial court a downward departure sentence. One of the trial court’s stated reasons for downward departure was “lack of help in prison.” This court found this reason insufficient and held that if lack of medical treatment is advanced as justifying a downward departure, the record must indicate what treatment is unavailable in prison and what treatment the defen dant expects to receive outside of prison. In the instant case, the record contains no indication of what medical problem appellee had at the time he escaped from prison or why he believed the treatment for this problem to be inadequate.

Finally, Howell is also instructive on the issue of whether appellee’s remorse justified downward departure. In Howell, the defendant acknowledged that he had a “problem” but maintained he had not been helped by prior hospitalization and counseling, and made a complaint about having been unable to transfer his probation to another state. The trial court advanced Howell’s remorse as a reason justifying downward departure, and this court reversed because of the lack of record support for the finding of remorse. In the instant ease, the record does not indicate any basis for the trial court’s finding that appellee expressed remorse, other than appellee’s statement that he was not receiving proper medical treatment. We must therefore conclude that the finding of remorse is unsupported by the record.

For the foregoing reasons, appellee’s sentence is reversed, and this cause is remanded for resentencing within the guidelines.

BOOTH, LAWRENCE and DAVIS, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Stephenson, 973 So. 2d 1259 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008)
    …ime is an [*1265] insufficient reason for a downward departure. See, e.g., Chapman, 805 So. 2d at 908 (concluding that fact that defendant had no arrests for several years prior to charged offense is not valid reason for departure); State v. Nathan, 632 So. 2d 127, 128 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994) (holding that defendant’s refraining from criminal activity for two years after he escaped from prison is invalid reason for downward departure); see also Paulk, 813 So. 2d at 154 (holding that defendant’s good work in the c…
  • State v. McKNIGHT, 35 So. 3d 995 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010)
    …50 (Fla.1988); Stephenson, 973 So. 2d at 1264. Nor will an offender’s work status or length of previous sentences support downward departure. See Geoghagan, 27 So. 3d at 115; State v. Chapman, 805 So. 2d 906, 908 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); State v. Nathan, 632 So. 2d 127, 128 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); State v. Lacey, 553 So. 2d 778 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989). According to the record, McKnight is gainfully employed cleaning septic tanks and he had previously paid substantial restitution for treatment of a prior victim’s injurie…
  • Jory v. State, 647 So. 2d 152 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994)
    …nd Williams v. State, 619 So. 2d 418 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993), approved, Jones v. State, and Rodriguez v. State, 640 So. 2d 1084 (Fla.1994). See also Casado v. State, 634 So. 2d 830 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). . § 921.001(5), Fla.Stat. (1987); State v. Nathan, 632 So. 2d 127 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); Finkelstein v. State, 582 So. 2d 1260 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Williams v. State, 531 So. 2d 212 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988). . Whitehead v. State, 498 So. 2d 863 (Fla.1986). . In addition, these cases could not be used for departure beca…

Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw