WEST FLAGLER ASSOCIATES, LTD., SOUTHWEST FLORIDA ENTERPRISES, INC., IHA, INC., BHH, INC., HECHT INVESTMENTS, LTD., AND HECHT INVESTMENTS, INC., APPELLANTS,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE FOR THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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West Flagler Associates appealed the Department of Revenue's assessment of intangible personal property tax on two unconditional guaranties secured by mortgages on Florida real property. The court held that guaranties do not constitute taxable obligations under section 199.133 because their liability is contingent on default by the maker of the note, not an absolute promise to pay.
Section 199.133 does not apply to the guaranties at issue because guaranties constitute contingent obligations, not absolute promises to pay. The liability of a guarantor is secondary and arises only upon default by the maker of the note, and therefore does not constitute an unqualified promise to pay that would trigger the intangible personal property tax.
[1] An unconditional guaranty secured by a mortgage on real property located in Florida is not subject to the intangible personal property tax imposed by section 199.133, Flo…
[2] The intangible personal property tax imposed by section 199.133, Florida Statutes (1989), applies to notes, bonds, and other obligations for payment of money that are sec…
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“One who undertakes an absolute guarantee of payment by another becomes liable immediately upon default in payment by the other.”
Establishes that even absolute guaranties have contingent liability arising only upon default by the primary obligor
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceWest Flagler, a Florida limited partnership, executed or guaranteed two loans made by First Union National Bank in November 1989: one for $38.5 millio…
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COPE, Judge.
This is an appeal of a summary final judgment denying a refund for the payment of intangible personal property tax. We reverse.
The question before us is whether section 199.133, Florida Statutes (1989), applies to an unconditional guaranty which is secured by a mortgage on real property located in this state. We conclude that it does not.
The instant litigation involves two guaranties given in two separate lending transactions. On November 6, 1989 First Union National Bank of Florida lent $38,500,000 to Croixland Properties Limited Partnership. In connection with that loan appellant Southwest Florida Enterprises, Inc. (“SWFE”) executed a guaranty. The Croixland guaranty was secured by a mortgage on real estate located in Dade County, Florida, owned by appellant West Flagler Associates, Ltd., a Florida limited partnership.1 When the mortgage was recorded, West Flagler paid intangible personal property tax under section 199.133, Florida Statutes (1989), in the amount of $31,570.
On November 7, 1989 First Union lent $18,000,000 to Corpus Christi Greyhound Racing Associates, a Texas general partnership. In connection with that transaction, SWFE executed a guaranty of the note. The Corpus Christi Guaranty was secured by a mortgage on real estate located in Dade County, Florida, and owned by West Flagler. When the mortgage was recorded, West Fla-gler paid intangible personal property tax under section 199.133, Florida Statutes (1989), in the amount of $17,640.
Appellants (collectively “West Flagler”) brought suit for a refund, contending that these guaranties are not within the scope of section 199.133. The trial court entered summary judgment in favor of appellee Florida Department of Revenue. This appeal follows.
Subsection 199.133(1), Florida Statutes (1989), provides:
A one-time nonrecurring tax of 2 mills is hereby imposed on each dollar of the just valuation of all notes, bonds, and other obligations for payment of money which are secured by mortgage, deed of trust, or other lien upon real property situated in this state.
(Emphasis added).
The parties agree that the phrase “other obligations for payment of money” means a non-contingent promise to pay an actual debt. Comparable language in section 201.-08, Florida Statutes, has been so construed. See Maas Bros., Inc. v. Dickinson, 195 So. 2d 193 (Fla.1967); DeVore v. Lee, 158 Fla. 608, 30 So. 2d 924 (1947); Metropolis Pub. Co. v. Lee, 126 Fla. 107, 170 So. 442 (1936); Wometco Enter. Inc. v. Frank, 382 So. 2d 832 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980); State Dep’t of Revenue v. Peterson Outdoor Advertising Co., 296 So. 2d 120, 121 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974).
In the present case the instruments before us are two absolute guaranties. “One who undertakes an absolute guarantee of payment by another becomes liable immediately upon default in payment by the other.” Anderson v. Trade Winds Enter. Corp., 241 So. 2d 174, 177 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970), cert. denied, 244 So. 2d 432 (Fla.1971); see also Scott v. City of Tampa, 158 Fla. 712, 30 So. 2d 300, 302, cert. denied, 332 U.S. 790, 68 S.Ct. 99, 92 L.Ed. 372 (1947); Department of Revenue, State of Florida v. Sun Bank, 556 So. 2d 1154, 1155-56 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990); Luckey v. Thornton, 171 So. 2d 410, 411 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965); A & T Motors, Inc. v. Roemelmeyer, 158 So. 2d 567, 570 (Fla. 3d DCA 1963); 28 Fla.Jur.2d, Guaranty and Suretyship § 11 (1981). The liability of the guarantor is secondary, and comes into existence upon default by the maker of the note. The liability here is contingent on default of the maker of the note, and does not constitute an unqualified promise to pay the note. “From its face money may or may not become due under it.” Metropolis Pub. Co. v. Lee, 126 Fla. at 112-113, 170 So. at 444. That being so, the two guaranties here at issue are not within the scope of section 199.133, Florida Statutes (1989).
The summary judgment is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to enter judgment in favor of appellants.
. The general partners of West Flagler are appellants SWFE, IHA, Inc., BHH, Inc., and Hecht Investments, Ltd. Appellant Hecht Investments, Inc. is the general partner of Hecht Investments, Ltd.
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Cukierman v. Bankatlantic, 89 So. 3d 250 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012)…. v. Peninsula Prop. Holdings, Inc., 950 So. 2d 428, 430 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007). Conversely, a guaranty of a mortgage note is simply a promise to answer for the debt should the mortgagor fail to pay. See West Flagler Assocs., Ltd. v. Dep’t of Revenue, 633 So. 2d 555 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994) (holding that note guaranty was not subject to intangible personal property tax in light of secondary nature of liability which arises only upon default by note maker); New Holland, Inc. v. Trunk, 579 So. 2d 215, 216-17 (Fla. 5th…
Authorities Cited (15 total)
- DeVORE v. LEE, 158 Fla. 608 (Fla. 1947)
- Maas Bros., Inc. v. Dickinson, 195 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 1967)
- Anderson v. Trade Winds Enters. Corp., 241 So. 2d 174 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970)
- Metropolis Publ'g Co. v. Lee, 126 Fla. 107 (Fla. 1936)
- Burke v. Hunt, 158 Fla. 608 (Fla. 1947)
- Scott v. City OF Tampa, 158 Fla. 712 (Fla. 1947)
- A & T Motors, Inc. v. Roemelmeyer, 158 So. 2d 567 (Fla. 3d DCA 1963)
- State v. Peterson Outdoor Advertising Co., 296 So. 2d 120 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974)
- Trade Winds Enters. Corp. v. Anderson, 244 So. 2d 432 (Fla. 1971)
- Luckey v. Thornton, 171 So. 2d 410 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965)