WALTER C. KING, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Walter C. King appeals his conviction for capital sexual battery against an eight-year-old. The Florida appellate court found reversible error in the trial judge's denial of a jury instruction on the lesser included offense of lewd and lascivious assault until after closing arguments, and in admitting hearsay testimony without proper findings on reliability safeguards.
The court found two reversible errors. First, denying the jury instruction on the lesser included offense until after closing arguments violated the defendant's right to a fair trial because closing arguments are the last opportunity for trial counsel to urge the jury on proper legal instructions. Second, admitting hearsay testimony without making the requisite findings on the record concerning reliability safeguards violated the defendant's constitutional rights of confrontation and due process.
[1] A trial court commits reversible error by denying a jury instruction on a lesser included offense prior to closing arguments, even if the instruction is later given after…
[2] A trial court must make specific findings on the record regarding the time, content, and circumstances of a child victim's statement to ensure its reliability before admi…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Closing arguments are the last and best opportunity trial counsel have to directly address the jury on what they should or should not decide within the parameters of the proper instructions the jury is about to receive from the trial judge.”
Establishes why denying the jury instruction on the lesser included offense before closing arguments was reversible error.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceKing was charged with capital sexual battery for digitally penetrating his eight-year-old great-niece. The victim disclosed the abuse to her mother in…
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DANAHY, Judge.
Walter C. King appeals from his conviction of capital sexual battery for digitally penetrating his eight-year-old great-niece. He contends that several trial errors occurred which deprived him of a fair trial. We find reversible error in two of the several issues he raises.
There is no need to provide a recitation of the evidence adduced at trial. Suffice it to say that the state presented a prima facie case of capital sexual battery, a violation of section 794.011(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1991).
The evidence adduced could also have supported a jury verdict of lewd, lascivious, or indecent assault or act upon or in the presence of a child, a violation of section 800.04. At the jury charge conference, prior to closing arguments by counsel, King’s at torney requested, but was wrongly denied, a jury instruction on the lewd and lascivious assault crime. See Kolaric v. State, 616 So. 2d 117 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993).
Thus, defense counsel was forced to present her closing argument without being able to urge the jury that they could find her client guilty of this less serious felony.1 After closing arguments concluded, the prosecutor, joining in defense counsel’s previous request to give the lewd and lascivious assault instruction, prevailed upon the judge to reverse himself and give the jury that instruction since there was evidence to support it. Even though the instruction was ultimately given after closing arguments, we agree with the appellant that it was too late and he was thus deprived of his right to a fair trial. Closing arguments are the last and best opportunity trial counsel have to directly address the jury on what they should or should not decide within the parameters of the proper instructions the jury is about to receive from the trial judge. The tardy correction the trial judge made here did not cure the error that had occurred.
A second reversible error occurred during presentation of the evidence. The victim had had a private conversation with her mother after the incidents occurred. In this conversation she related what the uncle had done to her. The state sought to admit evidence of the victim’s statement by way of testimony from the mother about this conversation. A hearing was held to determine if the hearsay testimony met the requirements for admission under section 90.803(23).
However, the trial judge, in deciding to admit the hearsay, did not make the requisite findings on the record concerning whether the time, content, and circumstances surrounding the making of the statement provided suffi-eient safeguards of reliability.2 Determining whether there were sufficient safeguards of reliability is “necessary to avoid violating a defendant’s constitutional rights of confrontation and due process.” State v. Townsend, 635 So. 2d 949 (Fla.1994).
In other issues, the defendant also argues that error occurred (1) in admitting the defendant’s confession, (2) in allowing testimony of two episodes of sexual battery on the victim, (3) in denying a motion for judgment of acquittal based upon the state’s failure to present sufficient eviclence of penetration, and (4) in denying a special defense instruction defining penetration. As mentioned above, we find no error in these issues.
We reverse the conviction and remand for a new trial.
FRANK, C.J., and PATTERSON, J., concur. . The state's argument on appeal echoed the trial judge's comments at trial upon denying the defense motion for mistrial when this issue arose. The trial judge did not give defense counsel's mistrial argument much credence because defense counsel had not availed herself of the opportunity to argue during closing the lesser crimes the judge had already agreed to instruct the jury upon. We do not find it persuasive that because she did not argue the available lessers, it is no error, or harmless error, to preclude her from arguing this lewd and lascivious crime also.
. The trial judge’s conclusion on admitting this hearsay evidence was phrased as follows: "Well, certainly insofar as her mother is concerned, there's enough of a relationship there to assume that the testimony would be admissible. I’m not talking about the reliability of it. That I think the State recognizes that if there's any variation of the testimony of the child and the mother, the State is putting itself in a box. I'll allow the testimony of the mother_" (Emphasis added.)
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Welsh v. State, 850 So. 2d 467 (Fla. 2003)…PER CURIAM. We have for review the decision in Welsh v. State, 816 So. 2d 175 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002), which certified conflict with the decisions in Velazquez v. State, 648 So. 2d 302 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995), and King v. State, 642 So. 2d 649 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994). The conflict issue is whether lewd and lascivious conduct as set forth in section 800.04, Florida Statutes (1997), is a permissive lesser included offense of capital sexual battery1 as set forth in section 794.011(2)(a), Florida…1 / 2
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McGRIFF v. State, 12 So. 3d 894 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009)…onfusion). Finally, the error was especially prejudicial because it was done after the closing argument, when the defense had no opportunity to address this new theory of the case. See Knuth v. State, 679 So. 2d 22 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996); King v. State, 642 So. 2d 649 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994), disapproved of on other grounds by Welsh v. State, 850 So. 2d 467 (Fla.2003). Accordingly, because the trial court erred in instructing the jury on the law of principals and the error was not harmless, we reverse Appellant’s con…
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Velazquez v. State, 648 So. 2d 302 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995)…verdict of lewd and lascivious assault as set forth in section 800.04, then a trial court, if requested, must give an instruction on such offense as a permissive lesser-included offense of sexual battery under section 794.011(2). See King v. State, 642 So. 2d 649 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994). . On appeal, Velazquez also contended that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress items seized from boxes which Velazquez left in a storage room at a friend's residence. Law enforcement officers searched the box…
Previewing 3 of 10 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Townsend, 635 So. 2d 949 (Fla. 1994)
- Kolaric v. State, 616 So. 2d 117 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)