JAMES OLEN PATE, APPELLANT,
v.
RICH GILMORE, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1994-11-16
No. 93-3332
KAHN, MICKLE and VAN NORTWTCK, JJ., concur.
647 So. 2d 235 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1994) Positive Treatment
Cited by 15 cases

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Holding

Summary judgment was improperly granted because genuine issues of material fact exist regarding whether the stable hand was an employee or independent contractor, and whether she was negligent.


Headnotes

[1] Summary judgment is proper only when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the law favors the movant.

[2] Questions of negligence are generally for the jury and summary judgment should be granted cautiously in negligence cases.

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Facts & Procedural History

A horse owned by the defendant escaped through an open gate and caused an accident involving the plaintiff. The plaintiff sued the owner for negligenc…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The appellant, James Olen Pate, seeks reversal of a summary judgment entered against him in his negligence suit filed against the appellee, Rich Gilmore, for damages resulting when Gilmore’s horse wandered onto a public roadway. Finding that summary judgment was improperly granted, we reverse and remand for further proceedings below.

Rich Gilmore owned and boarded several horses in Bay County in September 1988. Tending to those horses on a daily basis was a young woman, Kimberly Rolan, who was permitted to board her horse without charge in return for her services as a stable hand.

On September 27, 1988, one of the horses owned by Gilmore escaped through an open gate and made its way to a public roadway. Pate was travelling down that roadway and struck the horse allegedly causing injury to Pate and damage to his vehicle. Pate subsequently filed a negligence suit against Gilmore, as indicated, and Gilmore moved for summary judgment arguing that the stable hand worked as an independent contractor, and so any negligence on her part could not be the basis for assessment of liability against Gilmore. Gilmore also argued that Rolan was not herself negligent, since it was a delivery man who left the gate open, and Gilmore argued that there was no negligence alleged on his part individually which could serve as the basis for liability.

Following a hearing, the lower court granted the motion for summary judgment finding that Rolan was an independent contractor and not an employee of Pate. Finding Rolan to have worked as an independent contractor, the lower court therefore concluded that liability on the part of appellee was not possible under the theory of respondeat superior.

The lower court further found that the facts of record, as established, did not support the allegation that Rolan herself was negligent, since the lower court accepted the deposition testimony of Rolan that it was the actions of the delivery man in leaving the gate open which allowed the horse to escape. Noting there is no strict liability under Florida law for injury caused by livestock, the lower court therefore concluded that there was no basis in the complaint for a finding of liability on the part of Rich Gilmore.

There is abundant authority indicating that summary judgment is proper only when there is no genuine issue of material fact and when the law favors the movant for summary judgment. Wills v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 361 So. 2d 29 (Fla.1977).

Generally speaking, questions of negligence are answerable by a jury, Clark v. Lumbermans Mutual Insurance Co., 465 So. 2d 552 (Fla. 1st DCA), rev. denied, 476 So. 2d 673 (Fla. 1985), and therefore, a summary judgment should be granted “cautiously” in a negligence case. Moore v. Morris, 475 So. 2d 666, 668 (Fla.1985).

In the same vein, it is well-established that the question of an employer/employee relationship is generally a question of fact, and therefore a question for the trier of fact. DeBolt v. Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, 427 So. 2d 221 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983); Saudi Arabian Airlines Corp. v. Dunn, 438 So. 2d 116 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983).

At least several issues of material fact appear from our review of even the limited record of this case. For example, it is a question of fact whether the skill required of Rolan, as a part-time stable hand, is the degree of skill ordinarily associated with an independent contractor or an employee and whether Rolan’s use of Gilmore’s tools in the performance of her duties as stable hand is more consistent with the status of an employee rather than that of an independent contractor. See, Restatement (Second) of Agency § 220 and Comments (1958); see also, Kane Furniture Corp. v. Miranda, 506 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987), and Alexander v. Morton, 595 So. 2d 1015 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992).

Accordingly, we agree with the appellant that the facts of the instant case are not so sufficiently developed as to entitle the lower court to conclude, as a matter of law, that Rolan worked as an independent contractor. Also, we find it was error for the lower court to conclude as a matter of law that Rolan herself was not negligent; such an issue should also be considered by the trier of fact. Clark v. Lumbermans Mutual Insurance Co., supra. While we have made no judgment as to the validity of the appellant’s underlying case, we nevertheless agree that summary judgment was improperly granted at this stage of the proceedings. We therefore remand for further proceedings below.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

KAHN, MICKLE and VAN NORTWTCK, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Harper v. Toler, 884 So. 2d 1124 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004)
    …cts are so crystallized that nought remains but a question of law.”). “[I]t is well-established that the question of an employer/employee relationship is generally a question of fact, and therefore a question for the trier of fact.” Pate v. Gilmore, 647 So. 2d 235, 236 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); see also Villazon, 843 So. 2d at 853 (“The existence of an agency relationship is normally one for the trier of fact to decide.”). There are of course circumstances in which the undisputed facts will demonstrate the nonexi…
  • Davis v. Chips Express, Inc., 676 So. 2d 984 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996)
    …1994); Henderson v. CSX Transportation, Inc., 617 So. 2d 770, 773 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993). Particular caution should be exercised in the grant of summary judgment in negligence or malpractice actions. Moore v. Morris, 475 So. 2d at 668; Pate v. Gilmore, 647 So. 2d 235 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); Johnson, 634 So. 2d at 1113; Sharpe v. Howell, 629 So. 2d 314 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993), review denied, 641 So. 2d 1346 (Fla.1994); Tisdale v. BP Oil Company, 622 So. 2d 586 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993). “When reviewing the propriety of a summ…
  • Metsker v. Carefree/Scott Fetzer Co., 90 So. 3d 973 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012)
    …nal summary judgment predicated on a finding that an air-conditioning installer was an independent contractor where several of the Restatement factors raised a fact question about the existence of an employer-employee relationship); Pate v. Gilmore, 647 So. 2d 235, 236 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994) (reversing a final summary judgment based on a finding that a part-time stable hand was an independent contractor where [*982] several of the Restatement factors were more consistent with the status of an employee than an in…

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