MICHAEL SINGER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1994-12-21
No. 93-2274
GLICKSTEIN and WARNER, JJ., concur., POLEN, J., dissents -with opinion.
647 So. 2d 1021 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1994) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Michael Singer was convicted of resisting and obstructing a law enforcement officer without violence. The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed his conviction, finding that the trial court improperly admitted prejudicial hearsay statements Singer made in the police car that threatened the judge, jury, and officer, which had minimal relevance to the charges and whose prejudicial effect substantially outweighed any probative value.


Holding

The trial court erred in admitting the prejudicial post-arrest statements because they did not prove any element of the offense, and their prejudicial effect substantially outweighed any marginal probative value. Singer was not entitled to acquittal under City of Houston v. Hill, as the court upheld the conviction under Wilkerson v. State.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant's post-arrest comment is inadmissible if its prejudicial effect substantially outweighs its probative value.

[2] A defendant's statement threatening a judge and jury is highly prejudicial and may outweigh any marginal relevance to the issue of whether the defendant was the instigato…

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Key Quotes

“The state argues that there is relevance to his defense that he was not the instigator of the scuffle but was a passive person. Even if it could be considered marginally relevant for this purpose, its prejudicial impact far outweighs its probative force.”

Establishes the court's application of the probative value versus prejudicial effect test in excluding the evidence.

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Facts & Procedural History

Singer approached a police officer who was detaining Singer's acquaintance in a bar parking lot and demanded to know what was happening. When ordered …

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant challenges his conviction for resisting a law enforcement officer without violence and obstructing an officer without violence on the ground that the trial court erred in admitting his post arrest comment while in the back of the officer’s squad car. We agree that the comment’s prejudicial effect outweighed any limited relevance.

When an acquaintance of appellant was stopped by a police officer in the parking lot of the bar where both had been drinking, appellant approached the officer demanding to know what was going on. The officer ordered appellant to leave, as he was interfering with the officer’s duties. Appellant was not content to back down, continued to yell at the officer, and began to approach the officer. The officer broke off his dealings with the acquaintance and moved toward appellant, telling him that the officer would have to arrest him. The officer recounted that appellant had his fist clenched by his side and said, “I’m a Vietnam veteran and you don’t know what I know.” A scuffle between the two ensued, leaving appellant handcuffed and eventually in the back of the police car. On the way to the police station, appellant was irate. Over defense counsel’s objection at trial, the officer repeated appellant’s words, ‘When I get out, f— the judge, f— the jury. I’ll just blow your head off.”

Appellant contends that the statement does not prove any element of the offense, and we agree. The state argues that there is relevance to his defense that he was not the instigator of the scuffle but was a passive person. Even if it could be considered marginally relevant for this purpose, its prejudicial impáet far outweighs its probative force. See Shorter v. State, 532 So. 2d 1110 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988). This statement constituted not only a threat to the officer but evinced a threat to and disrespect for both the judge and jury.

We cannot conclude that this error was harmless. The case was one of credibility, as the prosecutor in his closing argument admitted. The introduction of such prejudicial, irrelevant evidence could have swayed the jury-

Appellant also charges that, in any event, he should have been entitled to a judgment of acquittal on both counts under City of Houston v. Hill, 482 U.S. 451, 107 S.Ct. 2502, 96 L.Ed.2d 398 (1987), as he only engaged in speech which is constitutionally protected. We hold that he was not entitled to discharge based on Wilkerson v. State, 556 So. 2d 453 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990).

We find no reversible error in the remaining points.

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

GLICKSTEIN and WARNER, JJ., concur. POLEN, J., dissents -with opinion.

Dissent
POLEN, Judge,

POLEN, Judge,

dissenting.

I would affirm appellant’s conviction. To be sure, the statement allegedly made by the appellant after his arrest and while in custody was prejudicial. (Most evidence offered by the opposing party is prejudicial to the party seeking to exclude it; the test is whether it is impermissibly prejudicial, where, as the majority has determined here, the prejudicial effect outweighs its probative value.) I disagree that it was irrelevant. The state correctly demonstrates that it bears on defendant’s contention at trial that he was being passive and nonaggressive in his initial encounter with Officer Caron. While no one would disagree that the words used are offensive and might have “inflamed the passions of the jury,” I believe the trial judge was in the better position to determine whether the otherwise relevant statement should be excluded because of its possible prejudicial effect. He declined to do so. I would affirm.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Lavin v. State, 754 So. 2d 784 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000)
    …So. 2d 1268, 1269 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)(reversing where “the officers testified that appellant was belligerent and threatened them. This testimony was irrelevant to any issue of the crimes charged and should not have been admitted.”); Singer v. State, 647 So. 2d 1021 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994) (reversing convictions for resisting a law enforcement officer without violence and obstructing an officer without violence based on the admission of defendant’s post-arrest comment while in the back of the officer’s squad car).…
  • Dawson v. State, 776 So. 2d 1034 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
    …SHAHOOD, J. We affirm appellant’s judgment and sentence. See Singer v. State, 647 So. 2d 1021 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994); see also Wilkerson v. State, 556 So. 2d 453 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990). The second issue raised has been rendered moot by the trial court’s entry of an Order Rescinding Probation. We write only to address an issue which was not raise…
  • Pate v. State, 698 So. 2d 609 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
    …car both tend to prove appellant’s intentional [*611] aggression toward the officers. His anger supplied the motive for his striking the officer and refutes his contention that he was passive and not the instigator of the incident. Singer v. State, 647 So. 2d 1021 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994), in which we held that the admission of similar statements made by the defendant while being transported to jail was harmful error, is distinguishable. In Singer, the appellant was charged only with resisting an officer without v…

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