H.A.W., A CHILD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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A juvenile appealed a trial court order requiring his public defender to disclose a psychological evaluation to the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services for post-disposition treatment. The court held that the evaluation, commissioned by defense counsel to assist in the child's defense, is protected by both attorney-client privilege and psychotherapist-patient privilege, and cannot be disclosed even after adjudication and sentencing.
The court quashed the order requiring disclosure of the psychological evaluation. The court held that when a psychotherapist is employed by counsel to assist in preparing a defense, the evaluation is protected by attorney-client privilege and cannot be disclosed. The fact that H.A.W. had already been adjudicated delinquent and sentenced does not waive these privileges, and nothing in Florida's delinquency statutes permits the court to abrogate these privileges for post-disposition matters.
[1] A psychotherapist employed by defense counsel to assist in preparing a client's defense is subject to the attorney-client privilege, and the state may not depose or call…
[2] Communications made in the rendition of legal services to a client are protected by the lawyer-client privilege.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“When a psychotherapist is employed by counsel for a defendant to assist him in preparing a defense for his client and not to treat the defendant, the state may not depose the expert or call him as a witness; this witness is subject to the attorney-client privilege.”
Establishes the fundamental rule that expert evaluations obtained by defense counsel for case preparation are protected by attorney-client privilege
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceH.A.W. was adjudicated delinquent and committed to the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. After his guilty plea but before sentencing, …
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W. SHARP, Judge.
After H.A.W. was adjudicated delinquent and committed to the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, the trial court ordered his defense counsel (the Public Defender’s Office) to release H.A.W.’s psychological evaluation to the Department for use in his treatment. On appeal, H.A.W. argues that disclosure of this information violates his lawyer-client privilege1 and his psychotherapist-patient privilege.2 We agree and accordingly quash this order. Chapter 39 permits the trial court to order psychological evaluations and to require treatment for children alleged or determined to be delinquent. See, e.g., §§ 39.046(1); 39.046(2); 39.052(3), Fla.Stat. (1993).3 However, the evaluation at issue here was not ordered by the court; rather, it was requested and paid for by the Public Defender’s Office. Although the evaluation was admittedly performed after H.A.W. entered a guilty plea to the charges in the delinquency petition, the Public Defender asserted that the evaluation had been requested to aid in H.A.W.’s defense.4
When a psychotherapist is employed by counsel for a defendant to assist him in preparing a defense for his client and not to treat the defendant, the state may not depose the expert or call him as a witness; this •witness is subject to the attorney-client privilege. Ursry v. State, 428 So. 2d 713 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. denied, 438 So. 2d 834 (Fla.1983); Pouncy v. State, 353 So. 2d 640 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977). See also State v. Hamilton, 448 So. 2d 1007 (Fla.1984) (when appointed counsel informs the court that he has reason to believe that his client is incompetent to stand trial or was insane at the time of the offense, the trial court must appoint an expert to examine the defendant in order to assist his attorney in the preparation of his defense; once this expert is appointed, all matters related to that expert are confidential and any inquiry into the communications between the expert and attorney would violate the attorney-client privilege).
The fact that H.A.W. had been adjudicated delinquent and sentenced before the court ordered defense counsel to release the evaluation does not waive H.A.W.’s privileges under sections 90.502 and 90.503. Similarly, there is nothing in chapter 39 which permits the court to abrogate H.A.W.’s privileges simply because the evaluation is to be used for post-disposition matters. See R.W. v. Soud, 639 So. 2d 25 (Fla.1994) (section 39.043, which enumerates a number of prohibited uses of detention, applies whether the juvenile is alleged to have committed a delinquent act or already has been adjudicated delinquent).
Accordingly, we affirm the order determining H.A.W. to be delinquent but quash the order requiring his counsel to furnish the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services with his psychological evaluation.
DAUKSCH and PETERSON, JJ., concur. . Section 90.502(2), Florida Statutes (1993) provides that:
A client has a privilege to refuse to disclose, and to prevent any other person from disclosing, the contents of confidential communications when such other person learned of the communications because they were made in the rendition of legal services to the client.
. Section 90.503(2), Florida Statutes (1993) provides that:
A patient has a privilege to refuse to disclose and to prevent any other person from disclos ing, confidential communications or records made for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment of his mental or emotional condition, including alcoholism and other drug addiction, between himself and his psychotherapist, or persons who are participating in the diagnosis or treatment under the direction of the psychotherapist. This privilege includes any diagnosis made, and advice given, by the psychotherapist in the course of that relationship.
. However, these court-ordered reports do not implicate the attorney-client privilege and are specifically exempt from the psychotherapist-patient privilege. See § 90.503(4)(b) ("There is no privilege under this section for communications made in the course of a court-ordered examination of the mental or emotional condition of the patient.”)
. The evaluation was available to defense counsel prior to the disposition hearing and perhaps information from it may have been used to argue for various dispositional alternatives available to the court.
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Citator
Cited By
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Manuel v. State, 162 So. 3d 1157 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015)…or partially indigent defendants are beholden to the attorney-client privilege. Although not expressly stated, the same must be true for experts privately retained for a similar purpose without the assistance of the trial court. See H.A.W. v. State, 652 So. 2d 948, 949 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995) (holding “[w]hen a psychotherapist is employed by counsel for a defendant to assist him in preparing a defense for his client and not to treat the defendant, the state may not depose the expert or call him as a witness; this…
Authorities Cited
- Pouncy v. State, 353 So. 2d 640 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)
- State v. Hamilton, 448 So. 2d 1007 (Fla. 1984)
- R.W. v. A.C. Soud, Jr., 639 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 1994)
- Ursry v. State, 428 So. 2d 713 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983)
- Lucinda Eddy v. The Town OF Indian River Shores, 428 So. 2d 713 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983)