PALM BEACH COUNTY, APPELLANT,
v.
FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK OF FLORIDA AND STELAR CORPORATION, APPELLEES
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Palm Beach County appealed a summary judgment dismissing its claim against First Union National Bank for failing to pay out an escrow account. The court reversed, holding that the bank's obligation as an escrow depository is not governed by the statute of limitations for sureties and guarantors, and that any limitations period would not commence until the county made a written demand on the bank.
The bank's obligation under the escrow account is not that of a guarantor or surety, so the statute of limitations for sureties does not apply. Any applicable limitations period would not commence until a written demand was made upon the bank or payment was refused.
[1] A bank acting solely as a depository under an escrow account agreement is not acting as a surety or guarantor for the underlying contract between a developer and a munici…
[2] The statute of limitations for claims against sureties and guarantors does not apply to a bank's obligations under a standard escrow account agreement.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The bank did not undertake to act as a surety, guarantor, insurer, or to act in any capacity other than as a bank depository obligated to honor the terms of its escrow account agreement.”
Establishes the bank's limited role and distinguishes it from that of a surety or guarantor, supporting the reversal of the summary judgment.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn 1983, Palm Beach County and Stelar Corporation (a developer) entered into a contract providing for an escrow account with First Union National Bank…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
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STONE, Judge.
We reverse a summary judgment in favor of First Union National Bank of Florida (the bank). The trial court erred in concluding that the statute of limitations governing claims against sureties and guarantors barred Palm Beach County’s (the county) claim against the bank.
The suit involves a bank account established as an “escrow” with the bank in accordance with the terms of a contract between the county and Stelar Corporation, a land developer. That agreement, entered into in 1983, provided for establishing an escrow account, and that in the event the developer failed to construct certain improvements, the bank would pay the funds in the account to the county. The bank was not a party to that agreement.
It is undisputed that the account was then established as agreed and fully funded at inception by the developer. The terms of the account were that the bank would pay the funds in the account to the county upon its notifying the bank in writing of the developer’s default. The escrow agreement states, in part:
[T]he [bank] agrees to pay to the County, immediately upon demand, the balance of the funds held in escrow by the [bank], as of the date of the demand, provided that [the county shall have given a written statement signed by the county engineer to the bank].
The bank did not undertake to act as a surety, guarantor, insurer, or to act in any capacity other than as a bank depository obligated to honor the terms of its escrow account agreement.
It was initially anticipated, under the contract between the county and developer, that the improvements would be installed in 1984. However, the county gave several extensions to the developer, the last being in 1986. The county made no written demand on the bank until 1993; however, the bank contends that an oral request of some sort was made in 1986.
There is currently litigation between the developer and the county to determine if Stelar defaulted on its obligations. This action was filed as a third party claim against the bank and was tried separately. The trial court concluded that the five year limitations period governing guarantees of performance applied to these facts. The trial court also determined that any cause of action that the county had against the bank must have accrued in 1986 when the developer failed to perform within the last extension of time reflected in the record, relying on Stoudenmire v. Florida Loan Co., 117 So. 2d 500 (Fla. 1st DCA), cert. discharged, 122 So. 2d 779 (Fla.1960).
We conclude that the bank’s obligation under its account is not as a guarantor or surety. Therefore, Stoudemnire and other cases relied upon by the bank relating to guarantees and suretyship are inapposite. In any event, applying the terms of the escrow, any applicable limitations period would not have commenced until a written demand was made upon the bank or payment refused. We note that the bank does not contend that any banking statute or regulation controls here. If the bank were in doubt as to its obligations absent a written demand, it could have sought declaratory relief.
As the suit remains in the pleading stage, we do not address the possibility of other defenses. The additional issue raised on appeal is mooted by this opinion. Therefore, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.
PARIENTE and SHAHOOD, JJ., concur.
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- Stoudenmire v. Fla. Loan Co., Inc., 117 So. 2d 500 (Fla. 1st DCA 1960)
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