STEVEN WILKINS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1995-08-30
No. 94-2824
POLEN and SHAHOOD, JJ., concur.
659 So. 2d 1273 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1995) Positive Treatment
Cited by 8 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Steven Wilkins appeals his convictions for armed robbery and battery on a person over 65, sentenced to life with a 15-year minimum and 10 years with a 5-year minimum running concurrently. The court affirmed his convictions but reversed the restitution order due to improper procedures, and rejected his claim that the prosecution's peremptory challenge of a juror was pretextually discriminatory.


Holding

The court held that the Neil issue was not preserved for appellate review because the defense failed to renew its objection when accepting the jury without reservation, thus the objection was deemed abandoned. The court reversed the restitution order because the trial court did not conduct a proper hearing with notice allowing both parties to present evidence on the amount owed and the defendant's ability to pay.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant must renew an objection to the State's exercise of a peremptory challenge to preserve the issue for appellate review.

[2] Accepting a jury without reservation after an earlier objection to a peremptory challenge constitutes an abandonment of that objection for appellate purposes.

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Key Quotes

“in order to preserve a Neil issue for appellate review the defendant must renew his/her earlier stated objection to the exercise of the state's peremptory challenge”

Establishes the controlling legal standard for preserving Batson/Neil objections on appeal

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Facts & Procedural History

Wilkins was convicted of armed robbery and battery on a person 65 years or older. During jury selection, the state used a peremptory challenge to excu…

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Opinion of the Court
SORONDO, RODOLFO, Jr., Associate Judge.

SORONDO, RODOLFO, Jr., Associate Judge.

Steven Wilkins appeals his convictions for one count of armed robbery and battery on a person sixty-five years of age or older. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment with a minimum mandatory fifteen years as a habitual violent offender on the armed robbery and to ten years with a minimum mandatory five on the second count. The sentences were run concurrently.

Wilkins raises five points on appeal only two of which merit discussion. During the course of jury selection the state excused juror Smith, an African-American. The defense made a timely objection, identified the juror as a member of a racially distinct group and argued that the peremptory was being exercised in a racially discriminatory manner. Pursuant to the Florida Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Neil, 457 So. 2d 481 (Fla.1984) the defense requested a Neil inquiry compelling the state to give a race-neutral reason for the exclusion of the juror. The state responded that juror Smith, at the age of thirteen had been arrested and convicted for the crime of battery, essentially the same crime for which Wilkins was on trial. The court correctly ruled this to be a valid race-neutral reason. Knight v. State, 559 So. 2d 327 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990); Miller v. State, 605 So. 2d 492 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992); Roundtree v. State, 546 So. 2d 1042 (Fla.1989).

The appellant argues that the prosecutor’s stated reason, although arguably race-neutral, was in fact pretextual because he allowed three white jurors, who had either been arrested or had close relatives arrested, remain on the jury. State v. Slappy, 522 So. 2d 18 (Fla.1988). This argument however was not made to the trial judge, consequently the court was not able to address the issue and the state was not given an opportunity to respond to the allegation of pretext.

More significantly, at the conclusion of the jury selection process the defendant accepted the jury as selected and did not repeat his objection to the exclusion of Mr. Smith from the jury. Nor did defense counsel accept the jury subject to his earlier stated objection. In Joiner v. State, 618 So. 2d 174 (Fla.1993) the Supreme Court of Florida held that in order to preserve a Neil issue for appellate review the defendant must renew his/her earlier stated objection to the exercise of the state’s peremptory challenge. The court stated:

We do not agree with Joiner, however, that he preserved the Neil issue for review. He affirmatively accepted the jury immediately prior to its being sworn without reservation of his earlier-made objection. We agree with the district court that counsel’s action in accepting the jury led to a reasonable assumption that he had abandoned, for whatever reason, his earlier objection ... Had Joiner renewed his objection or accepted the jury subject to his earlier objection, we would rule otherwise. Such action would have apprised the trial judge that Joiner still believed reversible error had occurred. At that point the trial judge could have exercised discretion to either recall the challenged juror for service on the panel, strike the entire panel and begin anew, or stand by the earlier ruling.

In footnote 2 of the opinion the court further explained its reasoning:

Were we to hold otherwise, Joiner could proceed to trial before a jury he unqualifiedly accepted, knowing that in the event of an unfavorable verdict, he would hold a trump card entitling him to a new trial.

Because defense counsel in this ease accepted the jury without objection and without reference to his earlier objection the Neil issue was not preserved for appellate review.

In his fourth point on appeal appellant argues that the court did not conduct a proper hearing before ordering restitution. We agree and reverse on this issue. On remand the trial court shall properly notice and then conduct a restitution hearing allowing the state to prove the amount due, if any, and allowing the defendant to present evidence of his inability to pay.

We have considered and reject appellant’s remaining issues.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART AND REMANDED FOR A PROPER RESTITUTION HEARING.

POLEN and SHAHOOD, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Davis v. State, 691 So. 2d 1180 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)
    …ur analysis by observing that this argument was not made to the trial judge and was consequently waived for purposes of appellate review. Austin v. State, 679 So. 2d 1197 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996), rev. denied, 689 So. 2d 1068 (Fla.1997); Wilkins v. State, 659 So. 2d 1273 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995). Had the defendant made this argument below, the trial judge would have been able to pursue the inquiry and demand a response from the state to the suggestion of pretext. Because no specific ground for the objection was raised, n…
  • Wilkins v. State, 685 So. 2d 957 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
    …ory challenge to strike an African American juror who had a prior arrest, while leaving three white jurors unchallenged who had been, or had family members who had been, previously arrested. In our affirming opinion in that appeal, Wilkins v. State, 659 So. 2d 1273 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995), we determined that under State v. Neil, 457 So. 2d 481 (Fla.1984), the state’s use of its peremptory challenge was proper since it articulated a race-neutral motive. In that opinion, this court explained that a comparison applyi…
  • Glinton v. State, 956 So. 2d 497 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007)
    …2d 174, 176 (Fla.1993) (it is necessary to renew an objection to a juror prior to the panel being sworn); see also Carratelli v. State, 915 So. 2d 1256, 1262 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005); Berry v. State, 792 So. 2d 611 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); Wilkins v. State, 659 So. 2d 1273 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995). We recognize that it is possible to accept a juror, or panel, subject to an earlier objection. Mitchell v. State, 620 So. 2d 1008, 1009 (Fla.1993); see also Nieves v. State, 739 So. 2d 125, 127 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999). However, thi…

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