STATE OF FLORIDA EX. REL. MICHAEL L. MORGAN, PETITIONER,
v.
W. DOUGLAS BAIRD, CIRCUIT COURT JUDGE, RESPONDENT

Fla. 2d DCA | 1995-08-30
No. 95-01238
FULMER and WHATLEY, JJ., concur.
660 So. 2d 328 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1995) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The Florida District Court of Appeal held that a trial judge must disqualify himself when a defendant has a well-founded fear of bias, even if the judge believes he can act fairly. The court granted a petition for writ of prohibition, finding that the trial judge erred in denying the defendant's motion to disqualify based on comments suggesting prejudgment during jury deliberations.


Holding

The court held that the motion to disqualify was timely and legally sufficient. The trial judge erred in denying disqualification because the judge's comments during jury deliberations and decision to proceed with sentencing despite his contingent earlier ruling created in Morgan a well-founded fear that sentencing decisions would be biased rather than based on verdict.


Headnotes

[1] A motion to disqualify a judge must be made within 10 days after discovery of the facts constituting the grounds for the motion.

[2] The time for filing a motion to disqualify a judge begins to run when the grounds for disqualification become apparent, not necessarily when the judge first makes a comme…

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Key Quotes

“The test for legal sufficiency is whether the party making the motion 'has a well-grounded fear that he will not receive a fair trial at the hands of the judge.'”

Establishes the legal standard for evaluating motions to disqualify a judge

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Facts & Procedural History

Michael L. Morgan faced sentencing in two criminal cases where the state sought habitual offender sentences and trial in a third case. The trial judge…

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Opinion of the Court
BLUE, Acting Chief Judge.

BLUE, Acting Chief Judge.

By petition for writ of prohibition, we are asked to determine the propriety of an order denying a motion to disqualify the respondent judge. We conclude that the motion and its supporting documents were legally sufficient and, consequently, the trial judge erred in failing to disqualify himself.

The following facts appear in the petition and supporting documents filed below. Michael L. Morgan was before the respondent judge for sentencing in two criminal cases and for a trial in a third case. The state was seeking a habitual offender sentence in the two cases. The trial judge agreed to postpone sentencing until after the resolution of the third case, indicating that habitualization might not be warranted if Morgan was acquitted. During the jury’s deliberations, lasting over seven hours, the trial judge questioned why the jurors would have difficulty reaching a guilty verdict. After the ease resulted in a mistrial, the trial judge held a status conference and scheduled the two sentencing cases. When reminded of his decision to delay sentencing until the third case was resolved, the trial judge indicated that he had heard all the evidence and was prepared to proceed.

The state argues that the motion was untimely. Under Florida Rule of Judicial Administration 2.160(c), “[a] motion to disqualify shall be made within ... 10 days after discovery of the facts constituting the grounds for the motion.” The state contends that the time began running when the judge commented about Morgan’s guilt during the jury deliberations. Morgan argues that the grounds for disqualification did not become apparent until the status conference when the judge announced that he would proceed with sentencing. We agree with Morgan and find the motion timely.

The state also argues that the motion was legally insufficient because the judge’s comments in one case have no bearing on his conduct in the other two cases. In Dragovich v. State, 492 So. 2d 350, 352 (Fla.1986), the supreme court stated:

The function of a trial judge when faced with a motion to disqualify himself is solely to determine if the affidavits present legally sufficient reasons for disqualification. Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.230(d). The test for legal sufficiency is whether the party making the motion ‘has a well-grounded fear that he will not receive a fair trial at the hands of the judge.’ State ex rel. Brown v. Dewell, 131 Fla. 566, 573, 179 So. 695, 697 (1938). In this case, the judge agreed to delay sentencing until the disposition of the third case. According to the motion’s allegations, the judge’s decision on whether to impose a habitual offender sentence was contingent, in part, on the outcome of the third case. The decision to proceed, without waiting for a retrial and in light of his comments during the jury deliberations, created in Morgan a well-founded fear that he would be habitual-ized based on the evidence in the third case but not on a verdict.

‘It is not a question of how the judge feels; it is a question of what feeling resides in the affiant’s mind and the basis for such feeling.’ State ex rel. Brown v. Dewell, 131 Fla. 566, 573, 179 So. 695, 697-98 (1938). See also Hayslip v. Douglas, 400 So. 2d 553 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981). The question of disqualification focuses on those matters from which a litigant may reasonably question a judge’s impartiality rather than the judge’s perception of his ability to act fairly and impartially.

Livingston v. State, 441 So. 2d 1083, 1086 (Fla.1983). Accordingly, we conclude that the motion was legally sufficient and the trial judge erred by denying it.

Petition granted.

FULMER and WHATLEY, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Wargo v. Bettina Li Belles Wargo and Julie Koenig, 669 So. 2d 1123 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
    …r earlier comments, not only denied petitioner due process on the issue of contempt, but created a well-grounded fear on the part of petitioner that he would not receive a fair hearing before the judge. Livingston; see State ex rel. Morgan v. Baird, 660 So. 2d 328 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995). Accordingly the writ of prohibition is granted. Any orders entered after the filing of the motion for disqualification shall be vacated. WARNER and PARIENTE, JJ., concur. SHAHOOD, J., dissents with opinion.…
  • Smith v. Santa Rosa Island Auth., 729 So. 2d 944 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998)
    …do so amounted to an admission that he could not be fair and impartial). It is not a question of how the judge feels; it is a question of what feeling resides in the mov-ant’s mind, and the basis of such a feeling. See State ex rel. Morgan v. Baird, 660 So. 2d 328, 330 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995). The judge herein, after admitting he would have difficulty ruling on matters of credibility with regard to certain individuals having a stake in the outcome of the ease, under an abundance of caution should have disqualified…
  • MacKey v. State, 743 So. 2d 1117 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)
    …f does not require extensive discussion. We agree that the judge’s comments at a bench conference during the June 27 plea hearing gave Mackey a well-grounded fear that he would not receive a fair trial at her hands. See State ex rel Morgan v. Baird, 660 So. 2d 328 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995). His motion sufficiently alleged this ground. We reject the State’s arguments that Mackey’s motion was untimely and procedurally barred. Mackey did not learn of the judge’s comments until the July 30, 1997, hearing on his motion…

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