DAVID EDWARD SANCHEZ, APPELLANT,
v.
KATHERINE HORRELL, F/K/A KATHERINE SANCHEZ, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1995-09-13
No. 94-1855
GLICKSTEIN, J., concurs., WARNER, J., concurs specially with opinion.
660 So. 2d 366 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1995) Positive Treatment
Cited by 10 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

A former husband appealed an order denying his motion to set aside a default judgment in a domestication and modification of a Texas divorce decree. The Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed, holding that the default should have been set aside because the husband satisfied the three-prong test for relief from default, with the court resolving doubts about excusable neglect in his favor, particularly given the severity of the judgment's impact on his visitation rights.


Holding

The default judgment should have been set aside. While the husband clearly demonstrated a meritorious defense and due diligence, the court resolved the question of excusable neglect in his favor, applying the principle that reasonable doubt about excusable neglect should be resolved by vacating the default, especially where the default judgment severely restricts important rights such as visitation.


Headnotes

[1] A default judgment should be set aside when the movant demonstrates excusable neglect, a meritorious defense, and due diligence in seeking to vacate the default.

[2] Reasonable doubt regarding excusable neglect in setting aside a default judgment should be resolved in favor of vacating the default.

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Key Quotes

“A default should be set aside where the movant shows excusable neglect, a meritorious defense, and due diligence in seeking to have the default set aside.”

Establishes the three-part legal test for setting aside a default judgment.

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Facts & Procedural History

After the former wife moved to Florida with the children and sought to domesticate a 1985 Texas divorce decree and modify visitation provisions, the h…

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Opinion of the Court
KLEIN, Justice.

KLEIN, Justice.

Appellant/former husband appeals an order denying his motion to set aside a final default judgment domesticating and modifying a Texas divorce decree. We conclude that the default should have been set aside and reverse.

The former wife, after living in Florida more than 6 months with the children, sought to have the 1985 Texas judgment dissolving the parties’ marriage domesticated in Florida and modified regarding visitation, as well as other relief. The husband was served in Texas on April 5, 1994, and contacted Lawyer Referral Service in Palm Beach County which gave him the name of a lawyer. The lawyer requested a retainer fi*om the husband prior to entering a formal appearance, and obtained from wife’s counsel an extension for filing an answer until May 5. Husband mistakenly sent the retainer cheek to the lawyer referral service so that by the time the lawyer received it there were insufficient funds in husband’s account. Husband’s counsel took no action in regard to the May 5 due date, and on May 6 wife moved for a default which was entered by the clerk on May 9.

Husband’s counsel was then notified that there were sufficient funds to cover the retainer check and filed a motion to set aside the default and the final judgment which had been entered thereon on May 16. In the sworn motion, served May 27, husband’s counsel stated that he had received the motion for final judgment on the same day he had been informed that there were sufficient funds to cover the retainer check, that he contacted wife’s counsel, but she would not stipulate to setting aside the default. He further stated that his secretary inadvertently did not calendar the date for the hearing on the wife’s motion for final judgment. The motion to set aside was denied after a hearing several days later. A default should be set aside where the movant shows excusable neglect, a meritorious defense, and due diligence in seeking to have the default set aside. Gibraltar Serv. Corp. v. Lone and Assocs., Inc., 488 So. 2d 582 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986).

We have no trouble concluding that the husband has alleged a meritorious defense and exercised due diligence in seeking to set the default aside. Whether or not this neglect was excusable, however, is another matter. Under different circumstances we might well have held that this neglect was not excusable; however, we cannot ignore the fact that this default judgment severely restricted husband’s visitation rights. Because reasonable doubt should be resolved by vacating a default, North Shore Hospital, Inc. v. Barber, 143 So. 2d 849 (Fla.1962), and because a default is to prevent a dilatory defendant from impeding litigation, not to provide a plaintiff with an advantage, Coggin v. Barfield, 150 Fla. 551, 8 So. 2d 9 (1942), we resolve the issue of excusable neglect in favor of the husband.

Reversed.

GLICKSTEIN, J., concurs.

WARNER, J., concurs specially with opinion.

Concurrence
WARNER, Justice,

WARNER, Justice,

concurring specially.

I concur with the opinion and would add what is an equally compelling reason for reversal, namely that a court of this state may not modify a custody decree of another state except in accordance with section 61.133, Florida Statutes (1993). That statute makes clear that a court of this state shall not modify a custody decree of another state unless (1) the prior state does not now have jurisdiction in substantial conformity with the act or has declined to exercise jurisdiction and (2) this state has jurisdiction. Since it is clear that Texas continued to have jurisdiction in this dispute, see Roby v. Nelson, 562 So. 2d 375 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990), the courts of this state should not have acted unless and until Texas declined jurisdiction.

I have noted in at least two recent cases in this court that some attorneys seem to think that the requirements of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) can be circumvented by simply domesticating an out-of-state custody decree and then obtain ing modification of it as a Florida decree. That, however, conflicts with the UCCJA. Its laudable goals of preventing highly destructive interstate custody battles and “parental kidnapping” would be thwarted if the UCCJA could be so easily ignored.

While this issue was not raised in the briefs, I point it out for the benefit of the bench and bar.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Terrie G. Viets v. Am. Recruiters Enters., Inc., 922 So. 2d 1090 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)
    …the default, and derivatively the default judgment. See Jeyanandarajan, 863 So. 2d at 433 (any reasonable doubt in vacating a default should be resolved in favor of granting the application and allowing a trial upon the merits); Sanchez v. Horrell, 660 So. 2d 366, 367 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995) (“reasonable doubt should be resolved by vacating a default”); see also R.H. v. Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 860 So. 2d 986, 988 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003) (“Florida public policy favors an adjudication on the merits over the…
  • Gateway Am. Bank OF Fla. v. Lucky JET Corp., 720 So. 2d 1141 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998)
    …motion to set aside the clerk’s default on December 3, 1997. The motion alleged the foregoing facts as excusable neglect, due diligence upon discovery of the default to move to set it aside, and a meritorious defense. See, e.g., Sanchez v. Horrell, 660 So. 2d 366, 367 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995). The trial court denied the motion on the grounds that Gateway had failed to show excusable neglect and lacked a meritorious defense. As a consequence, the trial court granted Lucky Jet’s motion for entry of final judgment a…
  • Amabile A. Causin v. Leal, 881 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004)
    …ion. Armstrong v. Panzarino, 812 So. 2d 512, 514 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002). A default should be set aside only where the movant shows excusable neglect, a meritorious defense, and due diligence in seeking to have the default set aside. Sanchez v. Horrell, 660 So. 2d 366, 367 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995). However, these general rules regarding defaults are not sufficient for decisions affecting the custody of children. The court must have information from all sides in order to render a decision in the best interest of a chi…

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