DIANE L. CARDINA AND THOMAS R. CARDINA, APPELLANTS,
v.
KASH N' KARRY FOOD STORES, INC., APPELLEE
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Diane Cardina was injured when a case of tomatoes fell from a pallet in a Kash N' Karry store produce room while she was counting inventory. The trial court erred by refusing to instruct the jury on res ipsa loquitur, and the appellate court reverses the no-negligence verdict and remands for a new trial.
Yes. The trial court erred by refusing to instruct the jury on res ipsa loquitur. All elements of the doctrine were satisfied: direct proof of negligence was absent, the injury-causing instrumentality (the pallet) was in the defendant's exclusive control, and the accident was of a type that would not have occurred without negligence.
[1] A plaintiff is entitled to a res ipsa loquitur instruction when direct proof of negligence is absent, the injury-causing instrumentality is in the defendant's exclusive c…
[2] A plaintiff's mere proximity to the instrumentality causing the injury does not negate the defendant's exclusive control in the absence of evidence that the plaintiff's c…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A plaintiff is entitled to an instruction on inference of negligence when direct proof of negligence is absent; the injury-causing instrumentality is in the defendant's exclusive control; and the accident is of a type that would not have occurred without negligence.”
Establishes the three-part test for res ipsa loquitur eligibility
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceMrs. Cardina, a food distributor employee, was squatting in Kash N' Karry's produce prep room counting damaged bottles of salad dressing. A pallet beh…
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FRANK, Acting Chief Judge.
Diane L. Cardina and her husband have appealed from a judgment entered following a jury verdict of no negligence on the part of Kash N’ Karry in this personal injury case. Because the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury on the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, we reverse.
Mrs. Cardina was employed as territory sales manager for a food distributor. Her duties included inspecting the inventory of Marie’s Salad Dressing in grocery stores and stocking the shelves. After having done so at the Kash N’ Karry store in Brandon one morning in September of 1991, she went into the produce “prep” room to count the number of damaged or outdated bottles of dressing for which the store would be credited. Mrs. Cardina put her papers on the desk and retrieved the box of bottles from a large cooler. She put the box on the floor and squatted down to count the bottles. Behind her was a pallet on which cases of bananas and tomatoes were stacked roughly five feet high.
As Mrs. Cardina counted the bottles, she sensed that something was about to happen. She looked up just in time to see a 25-pound case of tomatoes falling from the pallet. The case struck her head and knocked her over. Kash N’ Karry’s produce manager, Mark South, testified that he was in the prep room with Mrs. Cardina, but because he was seated at his desk facing the wall, he did not see the accident, nor did he see her touch the pallet. The pallet had been delivered to the store early that morning. It contained 40-pound eases of bananas stacked five high, on top of which was a single layer of 25-pound eases of tomatoes. Although the pallet had been properly stacked, a produce clerk had removed one of the cases from the corner of the top layer of bananas, leaving unsupported one corner of the tomato case that fell upon Mrs. Cardina. South said that the hanging tomato case appeared to be steady, and that he did not know why the tomato case fell. Mrs. Cardina testified that she did not touch or bump the pallet.
After these facts were presented to the jury, the plaintiffs requested that the judge give the jury an instruction on res ipsa loquitur, which he declined to do; that decision was improper. A plaintiff is entitled to an instruction on inference of negligence when direct proof of negligence is absent; the injury-causing instrumentality is in the defendant’s exclusive control; and the accident is of a type that would not have occurred without negligence. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Hughes Supply, Inc., 358 So. 2d 1339 (Fla.1978). The defendant has contended that res ipsa is not applicable here because the plaintiff, squatting near the pallet, had “control” over it.
However, the evidence adduced at trial — that Mrs. Cardina did not touch the pallet — suggests just the contrary.
Thus, this case is distinguishable from Harrell v. Beall’s Department Store, Inc., 614 So. 2d 1142 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993), where the injured plaintiff was observed to have handled and rotated a jewelry display that subsequently fell and injured her.
We find substantial similarities between this ease and Cortez Roofing, Inc. v. Barolo, 323 So. 2d 45 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975). There the plaintiff was injured by a roll of carpet that fell from a rack in the defendant’s warehouse/showroom, and res ipsa was held applicable. The plaintiffs mere proximity to the instrumentality causing the injury does not negate the exclusivity of the defendant’s control in the absence of any evidence that the plaintiffs conduct — or that of any other person — precipitated the accident.1
Accordingly, we reverse and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
LAZARRA and FULMER, JJ., concur. . We note that the Goodyear Tire court disapproved Cortez Roofing to the extent that it was inconsistent with that opinion, but the Cortez findings concerning control do not conflict with Goodyear Tire.
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Monforti v. K-Mart, Inc., 690 So. 2d 631 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997)…sle bearing heavy merchandise ordinarily should not collapse and fall, without some negligence attributable to the store owner-operator. Our sister courts have reached that conclusion in similar cases. In Cardina v. Kash N’ Karry Food Stores, Inc., 663 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995), rev. dismissed, 667 So. 2d 774 (Fla.1996), the court held that a res ipsa instruction was appropriate in a “falling merchandise” case. There a plaintiff was injured in the store’s “prep” room where bananas [*635] and tomatoes had…
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Morris v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 673 So. 2d 520 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)…p., 141 Fla. 797, 194 So. 250 (1940). . Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Hughes Supply, Inc., 358 So. 2d 1339 (Fla.1978). . Magic Oriental Rugs, Inc. v. Komorowski, 618 So. 2d 322 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993). . See Cardina v. Kash N’ Karry Food Stores, Inc., 663 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995). It is not clear whether res ipsa loquitur also requires a third element — that the plaintiff did not contribute to the accident. See Otis Elevator Co. v. Chambliss, 511 So. 2d 412, 414, n. 5 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); Schindler Corp. v…
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Nodurft v. Servico Ctr. Assocs., Ltd., 884 So. 2d 395 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004)…care.” Id. at 1342. The plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that his or her injuries resulted from negligence and that the defendant was the “probable actor.” Id. In this case, appellant relies on Cardina v. Kash N’ Karry Food Stores, Inc., 663 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995), where an employee was injured when a case of tomatoes fell from a five-foot-high pallet and struck her on the head. The trial court denied her request for a res ipsa jury instruction. Id. at 1343. On appeal, the defendant argued…
Authorities Cited
- Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. & Travelers Ins. Co. v. Hughes Supply, Inc., 358 So. 2d 1339 (Fla. 1978)
- Cortez Roofing, Inc. v. Barolo, 323 So. 2d 45 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)
- Harrell v. Beall's Dep't Store, Inc., 614 So. 2d 1142 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)