JOSE LUIS TAPIA, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1996-07-17
No. 94-2863
Before BARKDULL, LEVY and GREEN, JJ.
676 So. 2d 1059 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1996) Positive Treatment
Cited by 1 case

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Synopsis

Jose Luis Tapia was convicted of first-degree murder in a joint trial with co-defendant Cook, where both defendants' statements to police were used against each other without cross-examination opportunity. After Tapia's direct appeal was affirmed and Cook's similar appeal was reversed and remanded for a new trial, Tapia sought post-conviction relief based on newly discovered evidence and fundamental due process violations, resulting in reversal of his conviction.


Holding

The court found that the trial court's error in denying the opportunity to take Dearmas's deposition constituted a fundamental denial of due process to Tapia, warranting reversal of his conviction and remand for a new trial, particularly given that the same error was reversed in Cook's case despite identical circumstances and preserved issues.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant's due process rights are fundamentally violated when the same preserved error leads to disparate outcomes for co-defendants, with one conviction affirmed and…

[2] A conviction may be set aside and a new trial granted via habeas corpus when a fundamental denial of due process occurred due to conflicting appellate rulings on similar…

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Key Quotes

“the conflicting opinion of this court in affirming Tapia's conviction, and reversing Cook's, when the same error was preserved as to lack of opportunity to take Dearmas' deposition, constituted a fundamental denial of due process to Tapia”

This quote establishes the court's core holding that the disparate treatment of similarly situated defendants on appeal constitutes fundamental due process violation warranting reversal.

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Facts & Procedural History

Tapia and co-defendants Cook and Dearmas were charged with first-degree murder. Dearmas pleaded guilty and became a state witness. Tapia and Cook were…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant Tapia and two co-defendants (Cook and Dearmas) were originally charged by an amended indictment with first-degree murder. Dearmas pled guilty to the charge and became a witness for the State. Tapia and Cook were tried at a joint trial, in which both moved for severance and for suppression of statements each had made to the lead detective in the case. These motions were denied and the case proceeded to trial. At trial, Tapia and Cook exercised their rights to remain silent, however their statements to the lead detective were used against one another without the benefit of cross-examination. Both defendants were found guilty and sentenced to incarceration for life. Tapia was the first to appeal his conviction and sentence to this Court, and the appeal was per curiam affirmed. Tapia v. State, 566 So. 2d 1293 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). Subsequently, co-defendant Cook appealed to this Court on similar grounds, and the case was reversed and remanded for a new trial.1 Cook v. State, 595 So. 2d 994 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992).

At his new trial, Cook took the stand in his own defense. Cook’s testimony exculpated Tapia in the premeditation of the victim’s death and contradicted the testimony of the lead detective and the testimony of Dearmas. Cook was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to fifteen years in state prison. After Cook’s trial, Tapia filed a motion for a new trial, pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.600(a)(3), on the basis of this newly discovered evidence. The trial court denied the motion and Tapia appealed.

During the pendency of the appeal on the motion for a new trial on the grounds of newly discovered evidence, this Court noted the disparate treatment of Tapia and Cook in their direct appeals, notwithstanding the fact that similar issues were raised. This Court requested that the parties file memorandums of law as to the availability to Tapia of a habeas corpus proceeding on this issue, pursuant to Romero v. State, 637 So. 2d 7 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994). Tapia’s memorandum was treated as a petition for habeas corpus and a response was later filed by the state.

We treat this matter as a petition for habeas corpus pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850(h), and find the conflicting opinion of this court in affirming Tapia’s conviction, and reversing Cook’s, when the same error was preserved as to lack of opportunity to take Dearmas’ deposition, constituted a fundamental denial of due process to Tapia, and we therefore set aside his conviction and return the matter to the trial court for a new trial.

. Tapia’s appeal, among other issues, raised the question of whether the trial court erred in allowing Dearmas to testify without giving the defense the opportunity to take his deposition. Cook’s appeal also raised the issue of whether the trial court erred in calling Dearmas to testify without allowing the defense the opportunity to take his deposition, and this court reversed finding the denial of the right to take the deposition to be error.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Cupon v. State, 789 So. 2d 1121 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001)
    …mited to those circumstances where the appellate court has reached inconsistent results in criminal cases arising from the same set of facts and presenting the same issues of law. Sanders v. State, 689 So. 2d 410 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997); Tapia v. State, 676 So. 2d 1059 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996); Romero v. State, 637 So. 2d 7 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994). While the appeals of Cupon and Villegas Alen had the former element, the legal issues presented for the court’s consideration were not identical. We therefore conclude that petit…

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