CHRISTINA MCCRANEY, APPELLANT,
v.
JAMES A. BARBERI, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1996-07-02
No. 95-3836
WOLF and BENTON, JJ., concur.
677 So. 2d 355 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1996) Positive Treatment
Cited by 23 cases

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Synopsis

Christina McCraney appeals a summary judgment dismissing her malicious prosecution action against James Barberi for prosecuting her for a worthless check despite her having paid the check amount plus bank charges. The court reversed, finding genuine issues of material fact exist regarding whether Barberi knowingly provided false information to the state attorney and whether this unduly influenced the decision to prosecute.


Holding

The court held that genuine issues of material fact exist regarding whether Barberi's affidavit was knowingly false (specifically, whether it failed to disclose that McCraney had paid the check amount) and whether such omission unduly influenced the prosecutor's decision. Summary judgment was therefore improper.


Headnotes

[1] A malicious prosecution action requires proof that the defendant was the legal cause of the judicial proceeding.

[2] A defendant may be held liable for malicious prosecution if they provide information to authorities that they knew to be false and which unduly influenced the decision to…

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Key Quotes

“if the defendant's persuasion is the determining factor in inducing the officer's decision or if he gives information which he knew to be false and so unduly influences the authorities, then the defendant may be held liable”

Establishes the legal standard for when a defendant is liable in a malicious prosecution action for providing false information to authorities.

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Facts & Procedural History

McCraney issued a worthless check to Barberi Radio & TV for $293.56. She subsequently paid the full amount plus $3 in bank charges via money order ($2…

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Opinion of the Court
VAN NORTWICK, Judge.

VAN NORTWICK, Judge.

Christina McCraney appeals a final summary judgment entered in her malicious prosecution action against James A. Barberi, appellee. Because genuine issues of material fact exist concerning whether Barberi gave information to the state attorney’s office which he knew to be false and whether such information unduly influenced the decision of the state to prosecute McCraney, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.

On March 17, 1993, Christina McCraney issued a worthless check to Barberi Radio & TV in the amount of $293.56. Upon learning that the check had been returned for insufficient funds, she issued a money order to Barberi in the face amount of $296.56, the amount of the worthless cheek plus a $3 bank charge. In the meantime, Safe-Check Services, with whom Barberi Radio & TV contracted for recovery of returned checks, had begun collection efforts regarding the cheek written by McCraney.

Florida law permits Barberi to seek recovery of a $20 service charge for collection efforts regarding worthless checks. §§ 68.065(2) and 832.07(l)(a), Fla. Stat. (1991). Barberi and Safe-Check Services decided to pursue recovery of the $20. The parties differ as to whether McCraney was notified that she still owed $20: Barberi and Safe-Check Services maintain that she was, McCraney maintains that she was not. Nevertheless, Barberi and Safe-Check Services jointly prepared and Barberi submitted a worthless check affidavit to the state attorney’s office. This affidavit states that McCraney issued a worthless check in the amount of $293.56. The affidavit nowhere reveals that McCraney subsequently delivered the $296.56 money order to Barberi. Barberi contends that he attached a copy of the money order to the worthless check affidavit and that, when he submitted the affida- • vit, he told the state attorney’s office he was only seeking payment of the $20 service charge allowed him by statute. The worthless check affidavit in the record, however, does not include a copy of the money order as an attachment.

The record includes the affidavit of the assistant state attorney who prosecuted McCraney’s case. In this affidavit, the assistant state attorney states that, upon receipt of the worthless check affidavit, he decided to prosecute McCraney. This affidavit does not state, however, that the state attorney’s office made the decision to prosecute McCra-ney with the knowledge that the full amount of the check had been paid by McCraney. The record indicates that, once the state attorney’s office became aware that McCra-ney had paid the amount of the worthless check, a decision was made to nol prosse the felony worthless check charge against McCraney.

McCraney filed suit against Barberi and Safe-Check Services for malicious prosecution, contending that they had falsely and knowingly instituted a criminal proceeding against her for the entire face value of the worthless check when she had paid the face value plus bank charges. Thereafter, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Barberi, ruling that the uncontra-dicted sworn testimony of Barberi established that he provided all material information to the state attorney’s office and, thus, no material issue of fact-remained that the prosecution against McCraney resulted from provision of incorrect or false information to the prosecuting authorities.

To prevail in an action for malicious prosecution, a plaintiff must show: (i) that an original criminal or civil judicial proceeding was commenced or continued, (ii) that the defendant was the legal cause of the judicial proceeding, (iii) that the judicial proceeding was terminated in the plaintiffs favor, (iv) that probable cause for the proceeding was absent, (v) that malice was present, and (vi) that the plaintiff suffered resulting damage. Harris v. Boone, 519 So. 2d 1065, 1067 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988); Burns v. GCC Beverages, Inc., 502 So. 2d 1217, 1218 (Fla.1986).

The issues here relate to whether Barberi was the legal cause of McCraney’s prosecution. The applicable law is succinctly stated in Orr v. Belk Lindsey Stores, Inc., 462 So. 2d 112, 114 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985), appeal after remand, 501 So. 2d 714 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987):

The general rule is that if the defendant merely gives a statement to the proper authorities, leaving the decision to prosecute entirely to the uncontrolled discretion of the officer or if the officer makes an independent investigation, the defendant is not regarded as having instigated the proceeding. However, if the defendant’s persuasion is the determining factor in inducing the officer’s decision or if he gives information which he knew to be false and so unduly influences the authorities, then the defendant may be held liable. [Citations omitted.]

In the instant case, a primary question is whether Barberi’s affidavit was knowingly false and unduly influenced the authorities to prosecute the appellant McCraney.

In Florida, “the party moving for summary judgment is required to conclusively demonstrate the nonexistence of an issue of material fact, and the court must draw every possible inference in favor of the party against whom a summary judgment is sought.” Green v. CSX Transp., Inc., 626 So. 2d 974, 975 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993) citing, Wills v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 351 So. 2d 29 (Fla.1977). Summary judgment should be cautiously granted and the trial court should not enter summary judgment unless the facts are so crystallized that nothing remains but questions of law. If the evidence will permit different reasonable inferences, it should be submitted to a jury as a question of fact. Lashley v. Bowman, 561 So. 2d 406, 408 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990); Williams v. Citizens & Southern Nat. Bank of Florida, 582 So. 2d 69, 70 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991).

When Barberi’s worthless cheek affidavit is considered in the light most favorable to the plaintiff McCraney, it creates an issue of material fact whether Barberi truthfully advised the state attorney’s office that the full amount of the check, plus an additional bank charge, had been paid by McCraney. See, Goings v. West Florida Hosp., 504 So. 2d 1254, 1255 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986). Further, an issue of material fact remains concerning whether the assistant state attorney would have elected to prosecute McCraney if the state attorney’s office had known that the full amount of the worthless check, plus a $3 bank charge, had been paid by McCraney, and that a maximum of only $20 was due and owing to Barberi. Because factual conflicts remain to be resolved, the summary judgment was erroneously entered.

REVERSED and REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

WOLF and BENTON, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (13 total)

  • Cole Taylor Bank v. Shannon, 772 So. 2d 546 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)
    …c., 638 So. 2d 138, 140 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994). On review, the appellate court must consider the evidence in a light most favorable to the nonmov-ing party and must draw all competing inferences in favor of the nonmoving party. See McCraney v. Barberi, 677 So. 2d 355 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996). Claim On The Note As to the claim on the promissory note, Cole Taylor argues that it established every element of a prima facie case and that genuine issues of material fact remained concerning whether Cole Taylor had discharg…
  • Burt v. Hudson & Keyse, LLC, 138 So. 3d 1193 (Fla. 5th DCA 2014)
    …t is sought.” Laughlin v. Household Bank, Ltd., 969 So. 2d 509, 513 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007) (citations omitted). Summary judgment is only proper if the facts are so crystallized that nothing remains but questions of law. Id. (citing McCraney v. Barberi, 677 So. 2d 355, 357 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996)). “If the evidence will permit different reasonable inferences, it should be submitted to a jury as a question of fact.” Id. Burt has maintained throughout the litigation that the debt is not hers. And, despite her admissio…
  • Laughlin v. Household Bank, Ltd., 969 So. 2d 509 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007)
    …s v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 351 So. 2d 29 (Fla. 1977)). Summary judgment should not be granted, and the trial court should not enter summary judgment unless the facts are so crystallized that nothing remains but questions of law. McCraney v. Barberi, 677 So. 2d 355, 357 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996). If the evidence will permit different reasonable inferences, it should be submitted to a jury as a question of fact. Id. Laughlin’s allegations, supported by facts in depositions and an affidavit, considered in the light m…

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