ALEX SINKFIELD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1996-10-16
No. 95-3354
FARMER and STEVENSON, JJ„ concur.
681 So. 2d 838 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1996) Caution
Cited by 21 cases

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Synopsis

Alex Sinkfield was convicted of a third-degree felony after a non-jury trial, but the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed because neither a valid written nor oral waiver of his jury trial right was established. The court found that counsel's oral statement that the defendant agreed to waive jury trial was insufficient without the court's direct inquiry and on-the-record findings that the defendant voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently waived this constitutional right.


Holding

The court reversed and remanded because Sinkfield's jury trial right was not validly waived. Neither a written waiver nor a valid oral waiver existed. Counsel's oral statement that the defendant agreed to proceed non-jury was not a valid waiver absent the court's requisite inquiry of the defendant and findings on the record that the defendant voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently agreed to the waiver. The defendant's silence while counsel made the statement did not constitute a valid waiver.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant charged with a criminal offense may waive a jury trial in writing with the consent of the state, or orally on the record after a colloquy from which the court…

[2] A defendant's counsel's statement to the court that the defendant agreed to a non-jury trial does not constitute a valid oral waiver of the defendant's right to a jury tr…

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Key Quotes

“A defendant charged with a criminal offense may in writing waive a jury trial with the consent of the state (Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.260), or orally on the record after colloquy from which the court finds the waiver is voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently made.”

Establishes the legal standard for valid jury trial waivers in Florida criminal law

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Facts & Procedural History

Sinkfield was charged with a third-degree felony and filed a demand for jury trial. On August 8, 1995, before Judge Lupo, the trial was set for the fo…

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Opinion of the Court
OWEN, WILLIAM C., Jr., Senior Judge.

OWEN, WILLIAM C., Jr., Senior Judge.

Appellant, charged with a third degree felony, filed a demand for jury trial. After his counsel orally waived jury trial, appellant was tried non-jury and convicted. We reverse the judgment and remand for a new trial because the record contains neither a written waiver nor a valid oral waiver of appellant’s demand for trial by jury.

A defendant charged with a criminal offense may in writing waive a jury trial with the consent of the state (Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.260), or orally on the record after colloquy from which the court finds the waiver is voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently made. Tucker v. State, 559 So. 2d 218 (Fla.1990). The issue here is whether there was a valid oral waiver, no contention being made that appellant signed a written waiver. On August 8, 1995, appellant and a co-defendant, one Bennett, appeared before Judge Lupo to discuss a plea and at that time the trial was set for August 9th. On the latter date appellant and Bennett, with their respective counsel, appeared before Judge Carlisle for a non-jury trial. Before commencement of the trial the following colloquy occurred between the court and Mr. Chaney, counsel for Bennett:

MR CHANEY: Judge, while he’s doing that, we need to go on the record about our clients agreeing to go non-jury, just to make sure it’s on the record.

THE COURT: Okay, well, it was, this morning so — say it again.

MR. CHANEY: Well, I don’t think Mr.— Mr. Bennett was not — you know. Mr. Bennett, did you agree and consent to have this ease tried by the Judge and not a jury.

[MR BENNETT]: Yes

Mr. Chaney then outlined to his client, Bennett, the consequences of waiving trial by jury and again obtained his consent to proceed with a nonjury trial. At that point the following colloquy occurred between the court and appellant’s counsel, Mr. Fleisch-man:

THE COURT: Your guy the same way, Jack?

MR. FLEISCHMAN: Yes. We’ve been through this yesterday [with] Judge Lupo.

THE COURT: Oh, you did? Okay.

Notwithstanding the court’s comment (that earlier that morning appellant and Bennett had agreed on the record “to go non-jury”), there is no record of such having occurred. True, counsel’s representations to the court (which implied that Judge Lupo had made the requisite inquiry and findings the preceding day) may have led the trial court to conclude that farther inquiry and findings were unnecessary. The fact is, however, that the reporter’s transcript of the hearing before Judge Lupo contains no discussion of appellant waiving his right to a trial by jury.

Counsel’s statement to the court that appellant “agreed to go non-jury” was not a valid oral waiver of appellant’s right to jury trial in the absence of the court’s requisite inquiry of the appellant and its findings on the record that appellant voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently agreed with the waiver or acquiesced in his counsel’s statement. State v. Upton, 658 So. 2d 86 (Fla.1995); see also Tosta v. State, 352 So. 2d 526 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977) cert. denied, 366 So. 2d 885 (Fla.1978). Furthermore, the appellant’s remaining mute (during his counsel’s apparent waiver of appellant’s right to jury trial) did not constitute a valid waiver of that right. See Sansom v. State, 642 So. 2d 631 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994), and cases cited therein. The error that occurred here, which requires that the judgment be reversed and the sentence vacated, is of the type that can be avoided in the future by a closer adherence to the teachings of the supreme court in Tucker and Upton.

Appellant has also asserted that the court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal and in the assessment of certain costs. As to the former, there is no error. As to the latter, certain of the costs were improperly assessed but the issue is moot in view of reversal of the judgment and vacation of the sentence.

REVERSED.

FARMER and STEVENSON, JJ„ concur.


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Citator

Cited By (13 total)

  • Scruggs v. State, 785 So. 2d 605 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
    …tten waiver in accordance with the rule, or orally on the record after colloquy from which the court finds the waiver is voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently made.”); Hyler v. State, 732 So. 2d 1208, 1209 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999); Sinkfield v. State, 681 So. 2d 838 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). Appellant next argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal because the state failed to present sufficient evidence that he constructively possessed the drugs found on the ground near his ca…
  • Babb v. State, 736 So. 2d 35 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
    …al with the consent of the state, see Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.260, or orally on the record after colloquy from which the court finds the waiver is voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently made. Tucker v. State, 559 So. 2d 218 (Fla.1990); Sinkfield v. State, 681 So. 2d 838 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). Because appellant did not sign a written waiver of his right to jury trial on the count for possession of firearm by a convicted felon, the issue is whether there is in the record a valid oral waiver. At the status conference h…
  • Walker v. State, 149 So. 3d 170 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014)
    …nal offense may in writing waive a jury trial with the consent of the state (Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.260), or orally on the record after colloquy from which the court finds the waiver is voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently made.” Sinkfield v. State, 681 So. 2d 838, 838 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996) (citation omitted). A defendant’s silence during trial and failure to object to the non-jury trial is not a waiver of his right to jury trial. Upton, 658 So. 2d at 88. Further, “[counsel’s statement to the court that [defend…

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