THE FLORIDA BAR, PETITIONER,
v.
SUSAN M. TILLMAN, RESPONDENT
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The Florida Bar sought disbarment of attorney Susan M. Tillman for misappropriating client funds, commingling trust accounts, and failing to maintain proper trust accounting records. The Florida Supreme Court affirmed the referee's recommendation and disbarred Tillman, finding that the misuse of client funds is one of the most serious ethical violations and that available mitigation did not warrant a lesser sanction.
Disbarment is the appropriate discipline. The misuse of client funds is one of the most serious offenses a lawyer can commit, and there is a presumption that disbarment is appropriate upon such a finding. Although mitigation can reduce discipline in some cases, the mitigating factors here (no prior disciplinary record and short period in practice) are insufficient to overcome the presumption given the aggravating factors of dishonest motive, pattern of misconduct, multiple offenses, and lack of remorse.
[1] Misappropriation of client funds from a trust account, including paying personal expenses, drawing excessive fees, and failing to pay client expenses, constitutes serious…
[2] Commingling client and personal funds in a trust account, and failing to timely withdraw earned fees, violates rules of professional conduct.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The misuse of client funds is one of the most serious offenses a lawyer can commit. Upon a finding of misuse or misappropriation, there is a presumption that disbarment is the appropriate punishment.”
Establishes the governing legal standard for misappropriation cases and the strong presumption favoring disbarment
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceTillman maintained a client trust account from which she paid personal expenses and charged them to clients, drew excessive and premature fees, and fa…
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PER CURIAM.
We have for review the complaint of The Florida Bar and the referee’s report regarding alleged ethical breaches by Susan M. Tillman. We have jurisdiction. Art. Y, § 15, Fla. Const. The Florida Bar filed a complaint against Tillman alleging theft of client monies, commingling of trust accounts, and failure to maintain minimum trust accounting standards. Hearings were held November 16 and 30, 1995. The referee found Tillman guilty of the charges in Counts I, II, and III and recommended disbarment. We approve the referee’s recommendation.
Count I alleges that Tillman misappropriated client funds. The evidence reflected she paid personal expenses from the trust account and charged the expenses to her clients, drew excessive and premature fees and costs, and failed to pay clients’ medical expenses with funds supplied to her to do so. There is ample evidence to support this count, from ledgers and cancelled checks, from Tillman’s bookkeeper’s testimony, from her own testimony, and from records of unsatisfied or delinquent medical expenses to be paid by her for clients. The trust account revealed a persistent and growing shortage. The evidence shows that Tillman intentionally misused her trust account. The referee found that as to this count, Tillman violated Rules Regulating The Florida Bar 4 — 1.15(b) (prompt delivery of client funds), 4 — 1.15(d) (compliance with trust account rules), 4-8.4(e) (conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation), and 5-1.1 (money entrusted must be used for specified purpose).
Count II alleges commingling of client and personal funds, arising out of Tillman’s failure to timely remove earned fees from the trust account. Her testimony confirms that this was her standard practice. The evidence supports this count. The referee found that as to this count, Tillman violated rules 4-1.15(a) (commingling prohibited), and 4-1.15(c) (fees shall be -withdrawn when they become due).
Count III alleges that Tillman failed to follow the rules for trust accounting set out by the Bar. Among the violations, ledger cards were inadequate, the disbursement journal was incomplete, and settlement statements were not retained in contingency fee cases or were not signed by clients. The evidence shows that the records lack the required detail. The referee found that as to this count, Tillman violated rules 4-1.15(d) (compliance with trust account rules), and 5-1.1(d) and 5-1.2 (compliance with trust account procedures and record keeping requirements).
The referee recommended disbarment. She found two factors in mitigation: no prior disciplinary record and short period of time in practice. In aggravation, the referee found dishonest or selfish motive, pattern of misconduct and multiple offenses, refusal to acknowledge wrongful nature of misconduct, and lack of remorse. Tillman urges that the appropriate discipline is attendance at Disciplinary Diversion School.
Concerning theft, we have said that “[t]he misuse of client funds is one of the most serious offenses a lawyer can commit. Upon a finding of misuse or misappropriation, there is a presumption that disbarment is the appropriate punishment.” Florida Bar v. Schiller, 537 So. 2d 992, 993 (Fla.1989). Although we held in that case that mitigation can reduce the discipline, we find the mitigation here is not adequate. We find sufficient evidence in the record to support the referee’s findings and recommendations. Disbarment is the appropriate discipline. Additionally, we approve the referee’s finding that $13,201.00 in costs were reasonably incurred by the Bar. Susan M. Tillman is hereby disbarred effective immediately. The costs of these proceedings are taxed against Tillman and judgment is entered in the amount of $13,201.00, for which sum let execution issue.
It is so ordered. KOGAN, C.J., and OVERTON, SHAW, GRIMES, HARDING and WELLS, JJ„ concur. ANSTEAD, J., concurs in part and dissents in part 'with an opinion.
ANSTEAD, Justice,
concurring in part, dissenting in part.
In my view, this case is very similar to Florida Bar v. Barbone, 679 So. 2d 1179 (Fla.1996). While I agree with the majority in approving the findings of guilt, I would impose a six-month suspension as we did in Barbone.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (16 total)
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THE Florida BAR v. Travis, 765 So. 2d 689 (Fla. 2000)…o. 2d 1355, 1357 (Fla.1994). We have repeatedly held that the misuse of client funds held in trust is one of the most serious offenses a lawyer can commit and that disbarment is presumed to be the appropriate punishment. See Florida Bar v. Tillman, 682 So. 2d 542 (Fla.1996); Florida Bar v. Shanzer, 572 So. 2d 1382 (Fla.1991). While this Court has held in isolated cases that this presumption can be rebutted by mitigating evidence, see id. at 1383, we find the mitigation in this case insufficient to reduce the…
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THE Florida BAR v. Tauler, 775 So. 2d 944 (Fla. 2000)…mphasize that our focus is upon the circumstances of the misappropriation. The presumption of disbarment is exceptionally weighty when the attorney’s misuse is intentional rather than a result of neglect or inadvertence. See [Florida Bar v. Tillman, 682 So. 2d 542 (Fla.1996) ]; Florida Bar v. McIver, 606 So. 2d 1159 (Fla.1992); Florida Bar v. Shuminer, 567 So. 2d 430 (Fla.1990). Id. at 691. I do not diminish the heavy stress and pressure which respondent’s personal crisis had upon her and her family. Howeve…
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THE Florida BAR v. Spear, 887 So. 2d 1242 (Fla. 2004)…o. 2d 547 (Fla.1996) (denoting the applicable rule provisions and concluding that the record evidence was “adequate” to support the recoin- [*1246] mendations as to guilt); Fla. Bar v. Barbone, 679 So. 2d 1179 (Fla.1996) (same); Fla. Bar v. Tillman, 682 So. 2d 542 (Fla.1996) (denoting the applicable rule provisions and concluding that the record evidence was "sufficient” to support the recommendations as to guilt); Fla. Bar v. Garland, 651 So. 2d 1182 (Fla.1995) (same); Fla. Bar v. Jackson, 494 So. 2d 206 (Fl…
Previewing 3 of 16 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- THE Florida BAR v. Schiller, 537 So. 2d 992 (Fla. 1989)
- THE Florida BAR v. Barbone, 679 So. 2d 1179 (Fla. 1996)