KELLY J. BARTOLOTTA, APPELLANT,
v.
JOSEPH BARTOLOTTA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Mother appeals a trial court order modifying custody of the parties' three children from Mother to Father. The appellate court reverses, holding that the Father's modification petition failed to adequately allege a substantial and material change in circumstances, and the trial court's findings were legally insufficient to support the modification.
The modification order is reversed because the Father's petition lacked specific allegations of substantial and material changes in circumstances, and the trial court's findings were legally insufficient to support modification. The trial court improperly compared the Mother's fitness against the Father's fitness rather than showing deterioration in the Mother's fitness since the original custody order, and minor parenting mistakes do not constitute substantial and material changes.
[1] A trial court may consider a custody modification case on its merits even if transcripts are absent, when the arguments focus solely on legal insufficiencies of the petit…
[2] Modification of a custody order requires the noncustodial parent to meet an extraordinary burden to prove a substantial and material change in circumstances since the ori…
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“To justify modification, the noncustodial parent carries an 'extraordinary burden' to prove the occurrence of a substantial and material change in circumstances since the original custody order's entry.”
Establishes the high legal standard required for modifying an existing custody order, distinguishing modification from initial custody determinations.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn 1991, a trial court modified an original custody order, changing custody from Mother to Father. Mother appealed and won; the appellate court revers…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Motion To Enforce Mandate cases and more on FLexlaw
GUNTHER, Chief Judge.
Appellant appeals an order modifying custody of the parties’ children. We reverse.
In 1991, the trial court modified the original custody order of the parties’ three children, changing custody from Appellant, Kelly Bartolotta (“Mother”), to Appellee, Joseph Bartolotta (“Father”).
On appeal, we reversed, ordering that custody remain with the Mother. In re H.B., 627 So. 2d 1331 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993). Because the children were not returned to the Mother within the month following our decision, the Mother filed a motion to enforce our mandate. A few days later, the Father in turn renewed his petition for modification and requested retention of custody pending the trial court’s decision on his renewed petition. After final hearing on the renewed petition, the trial court again granted change of custody from the Mother to the Father. It is this order that is the subject of this appeal.
On appeal, the Mother submits that she cannot afford to file transcripts in this case. Ordinarily, the absence of transcripts in factually intense cases, such as child custody cases, requires us to affirm. Applegate v. Barnett Bank, 377 So. 2d 1150 (Fla.1979); Sullivan v. Sullivan, 668 So. 2d 329 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). Here, however, because the Mother’s arguments focus only upon the legal insufficiencies of the Father’s renewed petition and the trial court’s findings, consideration of this ease on its merits is proper. Hirsch v. Hirsch, 642 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994); Fenner v. Fenner, 599 So. 2d 1343 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. denied, 613 So. 2d 3 (Fla.1992). Thus, we proceed on the assumption the trial court’s findings are true. Casella v. Casella, 569 So. 2d 848 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990).
While a custody order should not be disturbed absent abuse of discretion, a trial court has far less discretion in modifying a custody order than in making the original determination. E.g., Smoak v. Smoak, 658 So. 2d 568 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995). To justify modification, the noncustodial parent carries an “extraordinary burden” to prove the occurrence of a substantial and material change in circumstances since the original custody order’s entry. E.g., Kelly v. Kelly, 642 So. 2d 800 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994), rev. denied, 651 So. 2d 1194 (Fla.1995).
Additionally, the noncustodial parent must show that modification would promote the children’s welfare. Id. The Mother argues, inter alia, that the Father’s modification petition is legally inadequate because it fails to allege the occurrence of a substantial and material change. In the absence of a properly pled modification petition, it is error to enter a modification order. Blender v. Blender, 623 So. 2d 544 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993). Further, if the noncustodial parent fails to allege that a substantial and material change has occurred and the trial court fails to make a similar finding, the modification order should be reversed. Evans v. Evans, 490 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986).
Here, the Father’s petition is void of any specific allegations of substantial and material changes in circumstance. While the Father alleged that the Mother abused the children and became a “less fit” parent, these allegations might be construed as intending to allege substantial or material changes only by affording the widest possible latitude. Regardless, were we to consider these allegations legally sufficient, the trial court failed to squarely address these allegations in its order.
First, no mention of abuse is made in the order, indicating that the trial court did not rely upon this allegation as a factor in modifying custody.
Second, although the Father seemed to allege that the Mother became “less fit” of a parent than she was at the time of the original custody order, the trial court focused on whether the Mother was a “less fit” parent than the Father. Of course, had the trial court found that the Mother’s parental fitness deteriorated to the children’s detriment since originally being awarded primary custody, its order might withstand appellate scrutiny. See Wilson v. Wilson, 504 So. 2d 1278 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986).
Instead, however, the trial court compared the Mother’s parenting skills against the Father’s parenting skills. This type of comparison is legally insufficient to support a modification order because it does not create a basis for a substantial change in circumstances. Stern v. Rey, 616 So. 2d 145 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993); Bryant v. Meredith, 610 So. 2d 586 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993).
Thus, the trial court’s findings regarding the Mother’s fitness as a parent are irrelevant and legally insufficient to justify modification. Holmes v. Greene, 649 So. 2d 302 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995); Grumney v. Haber, 641 So. 2d 906 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994).
Further, the trial court’s other findings are themselves insufficient as a matter of law, notwithstanding the fact that they appear to improperly exceed the scope of the Father’s allegations. See Blender, 623 So. 2d at 544. Although the trial court found otherwise, the relative stability of a parent’s home environment is itself inadequate to constitute a substantial and material change. E.g., Miller v. Miller, 671 So. 2d 849 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996); Bryant, 610 So. 2d at 588. Likewise, concluding that the Mother had “poor” parenting skills sufficient to justify modification was an abuse of discretion, as relatively minor mistakes usually associated with parenting, as found here, are not considered substantial and material changes in circumstance. Bridges v. Bridges, 625 So. 2d 93 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993); Stern, 616 So. 2d at 146; Jablon v. Jablon, 579 So. 2d 902 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991).
In sum, the facial inadequacy of the Father’s petition and the legal insufficiency of the trial court’s order, which was not confined to the Father’s allegations, are apparent.1 Modifying custody under these circumstances is an abuse of discretion, especially considering that the modification order drastically altered and severely limited the Mother’s contact with the children. Bryant, 610 So. 2d at 589. Therefore, we reverse the trial court’s modification order, specifically instructing the trial court to immediately return the children to the Mother’s custody as primary custodial parent in accordance with the original custody order and our previous mandate. See In re H.B., 627 So. 2d 1331 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993).
REVERSED.
GLICKSTEIN and DELL, JJ., concur. . In November 1996, we relinquished jurisdiction for thirty days and directed the trial court to make specific findings of fact to support its conclusion that there had been a substantial change in circumstances to occasion a change of custody. The trial court did not comply with that order. In January 1997, we further relinquished jurisdiction and said, ‘‘Failing compliance by the trial court at the end of same relinquishment period, the court will take such action as it deems appropriate on the merits." The trial court again failed to comply with that order.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (26 total)
-
Segarra v. Segarra, 947 So. 2d 543 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006)…335, 339-40 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003) (citations omitted)(applying the substantial change test to petitions seeking modification of visitation). The existence of a substantial change must be alleged on the face of the petition. Bartolotta v. Bartolotta, 687 So. 2d 1385, 1387 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). Clearly, the Father’s petition does not contain any allegation of a substantial change in circumstances. To the contrary, the Father states that such a showing is not necessary. After the hearing below, and on appeal now,…
-
Sullivan v. Sullivan, 736 So. 2d 103 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)…time in Georgia, the child’s personality changed from bubbly and extroverted to distant, reserved, shy, and upset. A petitioning parent must overcome an extraordinary burden to receive a post-judgment custody modification. Bartolotta v. Bartolotta, 687 So. 2d 1385 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). A trial court has far less discretion in modifying a custody order than it enjoys in making an original determination. The husband had to prove that circumstances had substantially and materially changed since the final judgment…1 / 2
-
Ingrid BON v. Nestor A. Rivera, 10 So. 3d 193 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)…a modification order. Further, if the noncustodial parent fails to allege that a substantial and material change has occurred and the trial court fails to make a similar finding, the modification order should be reversed.” Bartolotta v. Bartolotta, 687 So. 2d 1385, 1387 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) (citation omitted); see also Kilgore v. Kilgore, 729 So. 2d 402, 405 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998) (“A modification order should be reversed if the noncustodial parent fails to allege the occurrence of a substantial and material chan…
Previewing 3 of 26 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (19 total)
- Pitcher v. Schneider (Fla. 5th DCA 2018)
- Albert v. Applegate et ux., 377 So. 2d 1150 (Fla. 1979)
- Casella v. Casella, 569 So. 2d 848 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990)
- Hirsch v. Hirsch, 642 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994)
- State v. Cary Arnold, 579 So. 2d 902 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991)
- Kelly v. Kelly, 642 So. 2d 800 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
- Miller v. Miller, 671 So. 2d 849 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)
- Angelia Sullivan v. Sullivan, 668 So. 2d 329 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
- Smoak v. Smoak, 658 So. 2d 568 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995)
- Evans v. Evans, 490 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986)