STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
RODERICK DEMOND GAINEY, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1997-02-28
No. 95-00568
SCHOONOVER and FULMER, JJ., concur.
688 So. 2d 997 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1997)

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Synopsis

Florida appealed the trial court's suppression of cocaine found during a consensual search of the defendant. The appellate court reversed, holding that the officer's initial approach was a permissible police-citizen encounter requiring no founded suspicion, and that the defendant's consent to search was valid and freely given.


Holding

The appellate court held that the trial court erred in suppressing the evidence. The initial police approach was a permissible general police-citizen encounter requiring no founded suspicion, no illegal police action preceded the consent, and the state met its burden of showing by a preponderance of the evidence that the consent was freely and voluntarily given.


Headnotes

[1] A police officer may approach a citizen and ask questions, including a request to search, without any founded suspicion.

[2] When consent to search is obtained after legal police action, the state bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the consent was freely and vol…

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Key Quotes

“A police officer is free to approach a citizen and ask him a question.”

Establishes the permissibility of the initial police-citizen encounter without founded suspicion

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Facts & Procedural History

On August 23, 1994, Officer Buchanan, in uniform and driving a marked vehicle, observed Gainey sitting on a bucket in an open field trying to conceal …

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Opinion of the Court
DANAHY, Acting Chief Judge.

DANAHY, Acting Chief Judge.

In this appeal pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(c)(1)(B) the state contends the trial court erred in suppressing cocaine found on the appellee’s person during a search to which, the state maintains, the appellee consented. We agree with the state and, accordingly, reverse.

At the suppression hearing the trial court heard evidence only from the arresting officer, Tampa police officer Buchanan, who testified to the following events. In the early evening of August 23,1994, Buchanan was in uniform patrolling in the Ybor City area driving a marked vehicle. He saw the appel-lee sitting on a bucket in an open field near an intersection. As Buchanan drove by, he noticed the appellee trying to conceal his right hand. Buchanan slowed down to take a closer look. The appellee continued to conceal his hand and started fidgeting. Buchanan parked his car and walked toward the appellee but said nothing. When Buchanan was two to three feet from the appellee, the appellee took off running but fell almost immediately because he had tried to run through some nearby bushes. Buchanan helped the appellee to his feet and asked for identification. The appellee truthfully gave his name. Buchanan then asked what the appellee was doing in the area and whether he had any weapons or narcotics on him. The appellee responded that he had no weapons or narcotics. Buchanan then asked if he could search him and the appellee responded affirmatively. Buchanan conducted a full search and found rock cocaine in one of the appellee’s pockets. During the search the appellee did not object to or ask Buchanan to stop the search. The rock cocaine Buchanan found was the object of the motion to suppress that the trial court granted.

Given these facts we conclude, first of all, that this meeting between the officer and the appellee was an encounter for which no founded suspicion was necessary. A police officer is free to approach a citizen and ask him a question. Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429, 111 S.Ct. 2382, 115 L.Ed.2d 389 (1991); Lightbourne v. State, 438 So. 2d 380 (Fla.1983). This question may also be a request to search. Bostick.

We focus next on whether the appellee’s consent to be searched was valid. The state had to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the consent was freely and voluntarily given; this is the standard of proof because the consent was obtained after legal police action. We have previously stated: The rule as stated in Gonzalez [v. State], 578 So. 2d [729,] at 736 [(Fla. 3d DCA 1991) ], is that where the state seeks to rely upon a consent to search, the state has the burden to establish that the consent was freely and voluntarily given by a “preponderance of the evidence” except where the consent was obtained after illegal police action, in which event the state’s burden becomes the higher standard of “clear and convincing evidence.” Inasmuch as we have determined there was no illegal police action preceding appellee’s consent, the state’s burden was “preponderance of the evidence.” Since the only evidence on the issue was the state’s evidence of the voluntary nature of the consent, its burden was met.

State v. Boyd, 615 So. 2d 786, 790 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993) (emphasis in original). According to all the facts adduced at the suppression hearing, Buchanan did nothing which could reasonably be construed to mean that he had the appellee in custody or in a Terry stop. The appellee was free to leave at any time. Accordingly, because the only evidence provided was of the voluntary nature of the consent during a police-citizen encounter, the state’s burden was met and the evidence should not have been suppressed.

We therefore reverse the order of suppression and remand for further proceedings.

SCHOONOVER and FULMER, JJ., concur.


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