JAMES E. RUSSELL, JR., ETC., ET AL., PETITIONERS,
v.
STARDUST CRUISERS, INC., ETC., ET AL., RESPONDENTS
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
A personal representative of a deceased person's estate sought to prevent disclosure of the decedent's psychiatric and psychological records in a wrongful death action. The appellate court granted the writ of certiorari, quashing the trial court's blanket discovery order and requiring an in camera review to determine relevancy before disclosure.
The trial court erred by failing to require deposition of the records custodians as required by Rule 1.351 when an objection was interposed. Additionally, even though evidence of the decedent's alleged alcoholism is relevant and discoverable as it relates to damages, the court erred in issuing a blanket order allowing investigation of the entire mental health history without determining relevancy of specific records.
[1] A personal representative may claim the psychotherapist-patient privilege on behalf of a deceased patient.
[2] Discovery requests must be confined to matters admissible or reasonably calculated to lead to admissible evidence.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the discovery must be confined to matters 'admissible or reasonably calculated to lead to admissible evidence in the case.'”
Establishes the proper scope of civil discovery and limits the trial court's authority to issue blanket discovery orders
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJames E. Russell died from carbon monoxide poisoning while repairing his houseboat. His personal representative filed a wrongful death suit against th…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Overbroad Discovery Requests cases and more on FLexlaw
THOMPSON, Judge.
Petitioner, James E. Russell, as personal representative of the estate of J. Gary Russell, decedent, petitions for a writ of certiorari seeking review of an order compelling production of decedent’s psychiatric and psychological records in a wrongful death action. We grant the petition and quash the trial court’s order. Russell died after inhaling carbon monoxide vented from a generator while he was attempting to repair his houseboat. Petitioner filed suit on behalf of decedent’s estate, and his wife Teresa and minor daughter Jennifer, against respondent Stardust Cruisers, Inc., the houseboat manufacturer, respondent Kohler Company, the manufacturer of the generator which allegedly leaked the carbon monoxide, and respondent Holly Bluff Marina, Inc., the company that sold, serviced and repaired the houseboat. Petitioner sought damages for loss of future support, services and companionship, and for the mental pain and suffering of Teresa and Jennifer. Damages were also sought on behalf of the estate for loss of prospective net accumulations. One of respondents’ claimed affirmative defenses was that Russell or his wife Teresa was negligent.
Respondent Holly Bluff filed a Rule 1.351 notice of production' from a nonparty psychologist and a nonparty psychiatrist. Holly Bluff served petitioner, the psychiatrist and the psychologist simultaneously. Holly Bluff sought production of all medical, counseling, psychological or psychiatric records regarding the care, treatment, examination or evaluation of the decedent for any condition or injury, regardless of the date the services were rendered. Because there was testimony and forensic evidence that Russell had been drinking shortly before the accident, Holly Bluff was attempting to determine if he had an alcohol or substance abuse problem. Within ten days of receiving the notice, petitioner timely raised several objections to the notice.
Holly Bluff filed a motion for an order compelling production of the psychiatric and psychological records. Petitioner objected on the procedural ground that once an objection was interposed to a Rule 1.351 notice, discovery must proceed under Rule 1.310 which requires taking the deposition of the custodian of the records sought.
Second, petitioner objected on grounds of privilege and relevancy.
Petitioner argued that section 90.503(2), Florida Statutes, prohibits the disclosure of confidential records or communications between the patient and psychotherapist made for the purpose of diagnoses or treatment of the patient’s mental or emotional condition, including alcoholism or other drug addiction, and that the personal representative could claim the privilege on behalf of a deceased patient.
Finally, petitioner objected because the records request was overbroad.
The records sought were not restricted to the eight months Russell and Teresa were married, but to the entire period of treatment, part of which occurred prior to their marriage. This amounted to nothing more than a fishing expedition, petitioner argued. After a hearing, the trial court overruled all the objections and entered an amended order granting discovery of psychiatric, psychological and substance abuse records of the decedent. There were no time limitations. Production was stayed pending review of the order by certiorari.
Rule 1.351 is self-executing and an objection requires that a deposition of the records custodian be taken in order to obtain the requested documents. ABC Liquors, Inc. v. Berkey, 589 So. 2d 457 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991).
Holly Bluff did not seek to depose the custodians of records they sought after it received petitioner’s objection, and the trial court erred when it did not require the deposition of the records custodians. This cannot, however, be the basis for the issuance of a writ of certiorari. Although review by certiorari is appropriate when a discovery order departs from the essential requirements of law, the disclosure must also cause a material injury to a petitioner throughout the remainder of the proceedings and effectively leave no adequate remedy on appeal. Allstate Ins. Co. v. Langston, 655 So. 2d 91 (Fla.1995).
Writs of certiorari will not issue in discovery matters where there is no irreparable harm. Martin-Johnson, Inc. v. Savage, 509 So. 2d 1097 (Fla.1987).
Here, petitioner cannot show irreparable harm because, even if deposed, the psychiatrist and psychologist, whose interests were represented at the hearing, would have invoked the psychotherapist-patient privilege. Although the trial court erred when it did not first require the deposition of the records custodians, there is no showing of irreparable harm.
We agree with Holly Bluff that the decedent’s health, life expectancy, and habits were placed at issue when the civil suit was filed.
Thus, evidence of Russell’s alleged alcoholism is relevant and discoverable because it relates to damages. Appel v. Quilantang, 629 So. 2d 1004 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993).
Nevertheless, we disagree that this allows carte blanche investigation of decedent’s entire mental health history. Even though the rules of civil procedure allow for broad discovery, the discovery must be confined to matters “admissible or reasonably calculated to lead to admissible evidence in the case.” East Colonial Refuse Service, Inc. v. Velocci, 416 So. 2d 1276, 1277 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982).
The trial court should have determined the relevancy of matters sought from the psychotherapists. In Yoho v. Lindsley, 248 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971), the court allowed a “balancing of the rights of the respective parties” and held that only relevant information about the party’s mental health should be disclosed and that the court should take protective measures to see that irrelevant matters are not disclosed. See also § 90.503(4)(c), Fla. Stat. (1995).
One protective measure that can be used is an in camera inspection instead of a blanket order of production. Russell had been married several times and a broad order would allow the respondent to review records that could not serve as the basis for recovery of damages. An in camera review would allow the trial court to determine which records would be relevant for the recovery of damages for Teresa, Jennifer and the decedent’s estate. Appel at 1004.
We grant the petition for writ of certiorari, quash the trial court’s order granting discovery, and remand for further proceedings.
PETITION GRANTED; ORDER QUASHED; and REMANDED.
DAUKSCH and HARRIS, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Patrowicz v. Wolff, 110 So. 3d 973 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013)…law by ordering the production of allegedly privileged documents without first addressing whether they were actually protected. We agree. An objection to a subpoena filed pursuant to rule 1.351 is self-executing. Russell v. Stardust Cruisers, Inc., 690 So. 2d 743, 744 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997). “[W]hen any objection is filed, Rule 1.351 ceases to be available” and the party seeking the documents may proceed only by taking a deposition of the records custodian. ABC Liquors, Inc. v. Berkey, 589 So. 2d 457, 458 (Fla.…
-
Tonia Root v. Balfour Beatty Constr. LLC, 132 So. 3d 867 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014)…and significant others, her mental health history, her substance use history, and her litigation history appears to be the type of carte blanche discovery the supreme court sought to guard against in Langston. See Russell v. Stardust Cruisers, Inc., 690 So. 2d 743, 745 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997) (observing that while an individual’s health, life expectancy, and habits are at issue and broad discovery is allowed, a court must still determine which records would be relevant and the court should take protective measure…
-
Lyons v. Sanford D. Lyons, 162 So. 3d 212 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015)…nce an objection was made to a notice of intent to issue a subpoena for the production of documents, the proponent must follow Rule 1.310. A trial court was without authority to hear the objection to the subpoena. Russell v. Stardust Cruisers, Inc., 690 So. 2d 743, 744 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997); ABC Liquors, Inc. v. Berkey, 589 So. 2d 457, 458 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991). Apparently, practitioners were not in agreement that any objection to a Rule 1.351 subpoena should always lead to the more expensive procedure of taking…
Previewing 3 of 7 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Martin-Johnson, Inc. v. Savage, 509 So. 2d 1097 (Fla. 1987)
- Allstate Ins. Co. v. Langston, 655 So. 2d 91 (Fla. 1995)
- E. Colonial Refuse Serv., Inc. v. Velocci, 416 So. 2d 1276 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
- Jess Yoho v. Lindsley, 248 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971)
- ABC Liquors, Inc. v. Berkey, 589 So. 2d 457 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)
- Appel v. Suzie Quilantang & the N. River Ins. Co., 629 So. 2d 1004 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993)