ARMANDO MONTES DE OCA, APPELLANT,
v.
ORKIN EXTERMINATING COMPANY, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, AND CRAWFORD & COMPANY, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, APPELLEES
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An injured worker appealed dismissal of his complaint against his employer and workers' compensation carrier, claiming wrongful termination of benefits, coercion, fraud, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and abuse of process. The court affirmed dismissal, holding that disputes over whether an employee's refusal to return to work is justifiable fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the workers' compensation system and cannot be pursued as civil actions in circuit court.
The court affirmed dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. Disputes under Florida Statute section 440.15(6) regarding whether an employee's refusal to return to suitable work is justifiable fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the judge of compensation claims and cannot be pursued as civil actions in circuit court. Section 440.205's prohibition on coercion applies only to retaliatory discharge for filing a compensation claim, not to ongoing disputes about the justifiability of refusing work. No private right of action exists under section 440.105 for false statements. Common law tort claims are barred by the exclusivity of the workers' compensation system.
[1] A dispute concerning an employee's refusal of suitable employment offered by an employer falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of the judge of compensation claims.
[2] A claim of employer coercion or intimidation under section 440.205, Florida Statutes, is not cognizable in circuit court when the underlying dispute is governed by sectio…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the judge of compensation claims is to decide whether the refusal of the employee to return to work is justifiable. Since that is the gist of the plaintiffs case, it follows that this dispute must be submitted to the judge of compensation claims within the workers' compensation system.”
Establishes that the workers' compensation judge has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes regarding whether an employee's work refusal is justifiable.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligencePlaintiff was injured on July 9, 1993 while working as a crew chief for Orkin Exterminating Company. By February 1994, he reached maximum medical impr…
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On Motion for Rehearing and Certification
COPE, Judge.
On consideration of appellant’s motion for rehearing and certification, we withdraw the court’s previous opinion and substitute the following opinion:
Plaintiff-appellant Armando Montes de Oca appeals an order dismissing his complaint for want of jurisdiction. We affirm.
According to the complaint, plaintiff was injured on July 9, 1993 in the course of his employment with defendant-appellee Orkin Exterminating Company as a crew chief. In February 1994 he reached maximum medical improvement and was authorized to return to work, restricted to light duty. Orkin advised that work was available but gave plaintiff an initial work assignment which exceeded plaintiff’s physical restrictions. Plaintiff was unable to perform the duties.
Thereafter Orkin again advised that a job was available within plaintiff’s physical restrictions. Orkin refused to make further payments of workers’ compensation benefits on the ground that plaintiff was refusing light duty work offered by Orkin. Plaintiff reported to work. Plaintiff states that he was again offered work which was outside his physical limitations. He was also promised work as a route scheduler (which was within his physical restrictions), but on reporting to work, no route scheduler assignment was available. Plaintiff filed suit in circuit court under several theories, alleging wrongful termination of his workers’ compensation benefits, and seeking relief against Orkin. The circuit court dismissed the complaint for want of jurisdiction, and plaintiff has appealed.
We agree with the trial court that this dispute is within the jurisdiction of the judge of compensation claims. Subsection 440.15(6), Florida Statute (1993) provides:
(6) EMPLOYEE REFUSES EMPLOYMENT. — If an injured employee refuses employment suitable to the capacity thereof, offered to or procured therefor, such employee shall not be entitled to any compensation at any time during the continuance of such refusal unless at any time in the opinion of the judge of compensation claims such refusal is justifiable.
The legislature has clearly stated that the judge of compensation claims is to decide whether the refusal of the employee to return to work is justifiable. Since that is the gist of the plaintiffs case, it follows that this dispute must be submitted to the judge of compensation claims within the workers’ compensation system. See Old Republic Ins. Co. v. Whitworth, 442 So. 2d 1078, 1079 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
Plaintiff argues, however, that his claim falls within section 440.205, Florida Statutes (1993), which states: “Coercion of employees. — No employer shall discharge, threaten to discharge, intimidate, or coerce any employee by reason of such employee’s valid claim for compensation or attempt to claim compensation under the Workers’ Compensation Law.” Plaintiff asserts that Orkin is attempting to coerce him into settling his workers’ compensation claim by not respecting his physical limitations and by claiming to have work which he can perform, when such work is not actually available. Plaintiff alleges that his claim under section 440.205 falls within the scope of Smith v. Piezo Technology and Professional Administrators, 427 So. 2d 182 (Fla.1983). We disagree.
In Smith, the Florida Supreme Court held that “section 440.205, Florida Statutes (1979), creates a statutory cause of action for a wrongful discharge in retaliation for an employee’s pursuit of a workers’ compensation claim and such action is not cognizable before a deputy commissioner but rather is cognizable in a court of competent jurisdiction.” Id. at 183-84 (footnote omitted). In Smith, the employee had actually been discharged for filing a workers’ compensation claim. Id. at 183. The Florida Supreme Court held that section 440.205 creates a cause of action for retaliatory discharge. Id. at 183, 185.
In the present case, by contrast, plaintiff alleges an ongoing dispute with the employer wherein the employer contends that the plaintiff has unreasonably refused to return to work. The plaintiff claims that the employer has not offered work within the plaintiffs physical limitations, and that the plaintiffs refusal to return to work is justifiable. This dispute is squarely within the grant of jurisdiction to the judge of compensation claims under subsection 440.15(6). In order to read the various parts of chapter 440 harmoniously with each other, we conclude that a dispute that falls within the scope of subsection 440.15(6) is outside the coverage of section 440.205.
Plaintiff in essence asks us to expand the holding of Smith beyond retaliatory discharge, so that in every case in which there is a dispute under subsection 440.15(6), the employee would be allowed to file a companion civil action in circuit court alleging intimidation or coercion. Such an expansion of Smith is not warranted by the language of that decision, nor would it be consistent with the legislative intent, which contemplates that this type of dispute will be resolved by the judge of compensation claims. See Old Republic Ins. Co. v. Whitworth, 442 So. 2d at 1079.
Plaintiff also argues that in alleging that Orkin made false statements about the availability of work, he has stated a cause of action under subparagraph, 440.105(4)(b)l, Florida Statutes (1993), which .provides:
(4) Whoever violates any provision of this subsection commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(b) It shall be unlawful for any person:
1. To knowingly make, or cause to be made, any false, fraudulent, or misleading oral or written statement for the purpose of obtaining or denying any benefit or payment under this chapter. Plaintiff makes the same claim against defendant-appellee Crawford & Co., the workers’ compensation servicing agent for Orion.
In support of this cause of action plaintiff relies on Sibley v. Adjustco, Inc., 596 So. 2d 1048 (Fla.1992). In Sibley, the Florida Supreme Court construed the similarly-worded predecessor statute, section 440.37, Florida Statutes (1989), which likewise had criminal penalties. The court held that the statute provided a private right of action for civil lawsuits. Important for present purposes, the predecessor statute explicitly provided that an injured or defrauded “claimant shall have the right to recover the damages provided in this subsection.” Id. § 440.37(2)(e) (quoted in Sibley, 596 So. 2d at 1050). Section 440.37, in other words, contained an express right of action.
Effective January 1,1994, the legislature repealed section 440.37. Ch. 93-415, § 109, Laws of Fla. In its place, the legislature enacted the similarly-worded section 440.105, Florida Statutes (Supp.1994).1 In so doing, the legislature eliminated the express private right of action which had been contained in the earlier statute. We therefore conclude that there is no private right of action under section 440.105.
Plaintiff next alleges that the claimed misconduct also constitutes intentional infliction of emotional distress by Orkin and abuse of process by Crawford & Company. “[A] compensation claimant cannot avoid the exclusivity of the Act and transform a delay in payments into an actionable tort cognizable in the Circuit Court simply by calling that delay outrageous, fraudulent, deceitful, or an intentional infliction of emotional distress.” Old Republic .Ins. Co. v. Whitworth, 442 So. 2d at 1079.
Affirmed.2
. As stated in the complaint, the complained-of conduct in the present case took place in 1994.
. In light of this opinion, the motion for rehearing and certification is denied.
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Rodrigo Aguilera v. Inservices, Inc., 905 So. 2d 84 (Fla. 2005)…urts have routinely affirmed the exclusivity of the Workers' Compensation Act to remedy cases of delay or wrongful termination of benefits. See Sheraton Key Largo v. Roca, 710 So. 2d 1016 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998); Montes de Oca v. Orkin Exterminating Co., 692 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997); Associated Indus. of Florida Prop. & Cas. Trust v. Smith, 633 So. 2d 543 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994); Southeast Administrators, Inc. v. Moriarty, 571 So. 2d 589 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990); Old Republic Ins. Co. v. Whitworth, 442 So. 2d 1078 (Fl…
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Inservices, Inc. v. Rodrigo Aguilera, 837 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002)…immunizes a carrier from a tort action based on alternative allegations of outrageous, fraudulent and deceitful conduct or for intentional infliction of emotional distress committed while handling a claim); Montes de Oca v. Orkin Exterminating Co., 692 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)(allegations of delay, outrageous misconduct, and intentional infliction of emotional distress in handling claim, fall within exclusive jurisdiction of workers’ compensation judge). We further noted the history and objectives of t…1 / 2
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Metro. Dade Cnty. v. Milton, 707 So. 2d 913 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)…Fla.1995); Beach v. Great Western Bank, 692 So. 2d 146, 152(Fla), cert. granted on other grounds, — U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 294, 139 L.Ed.2d 226 (1997); see also Moonlit Waters Apartments, Inc., 666 So. 2d at 900; Montes de Oca v. Orkin Exterminating Co., 692 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 699 So. 2d 1374 (Fla.1997); National Airlines, Inc. v. Division of Employment Sec. of Fla. Dept. of Commerce, 379 So. 2d 1033 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). Thus, we must decline to “imply” the term “demotion” into subsection (9)(…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Smith v. Piezo Tech. & Prof'l Administrators, 427 So. 2d 182 (Fla. 1983)
- OLD Republic Ins. Co. v. The Honorable Lewis B. Whitworth, 442 So. 2d 1078 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
- Sibley v. Adjustco, Inc., 596 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. 1992)