DONALD L. FERRELL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1997-07-18
No. 95-04102
FRANK, A.C.J., and BLUE, J., concur.
697 So. 2d 198 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1997) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Donald Ferrell appeals his conviction for two counts of aggravated battery. The court reversed and remanded for a new trial, holding that the trial court erred by denying Ferrell's challenge for cause of a juror who expressed reluctance to consider voluntary intoxication as a defense, then compounding the error by denying him an additional peremptory challenge.


Holding

The trial court erred by failing to strike Patterson for cause because his answers on voir dire raised reasonable doubt about his ability to render an impartial verdict. The error was not harmless because it abridged Ferrell's right to peremptory challenges by forcing him to use one on a person who should have been excused for cause and then denying him an additional challenge. Therefore, Ferrell's judgment and sentence must be reversed and the case remanded for a new trial.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court should excuse a prospective juror for cause if there is any reasonable doubt about the juror's ability to render an impartial verdict based solely on the ev…

[2] A prospective juror's expressed reluctance to consider a legally recognized defense raises a reasonable doubt as to their ability to render an impartial verdict.

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Key Quotes

“The test for determining juror competency is whether the juror can lay aside any bias or prejudice and render a verdict solely upon the evidence presented and the instructions on the law given by the court.”

Establishes the legal standard for determining whether a prospective juror should be excused for cause.

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Facts & Procedural History

During voir dire, prospective juror Patterson stated he had a problem with alcohol and drug abuse and could not condone it as a defense. When asked if…

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Opinion of the Court
PATTERSON, Judge.

PATTERSON, Judge.

Donald Ferrell appeals from his judgment and sentence for two counts of aggravated battery. Of the four points he raises, one has merit. We reverse and remand for a new trial because the trial court denied Ferrell’s challenge for cause of a prospective juror and subsequently denied Ferrell’s request for an additional peremptory challenge.

During voir dire, the defense asked the prospective jurors about their attitudes concerning voluntary intoxication. Prospective juror Patterson said he had a problem with alcohol and drug abuse “not as a defense, but as an excuse.” He stated he could not condone it and did not see how it could be used as a defense. Defense counsel then asked Patterson, “If the Court wants to tell you this is the law in Florida and, like, we’re not here to say what is good or bad or ugly, but this is the law, then you could have some concerns?” Patterson responded:

I would to the point that if the prosecution proves all three points, then what the what can the law tell me? That was the law he was convicted on or whatever, and you’re going to use that, well, he was drunk at the time, I can’t see how the Judge can tell me that I have to take that into consideration if the prosecution has already proved that he did this.

When the parties exercised their challenges to the prospective jurors, defense counsel asked that Patterson be struck for cause because he indicated a great reluctance to even consider the defense of voluntary intoxication. The court responded, “I didn’t hear that.” The state attorney asked the court to make a specific inquiry. The court stated, “I think I specifically heard him be able to [sic] say he’ll be able to follow the law.” The trial court denied Ferrell’s request to have Patterson removed for cause. Ferrell used a peremptory challenge to strike Patterson and then requested an additional peremptory, indicating that he would use it to strike prospective juror Milton. The trial court denied Ferrell’s request for the additional peremptory, and Milton served on the jury.

The trial court should have struck prospective juror Patterson for cause. “The test for determining juror competency is whether the juror can lay aside any bias or prejudice and render a verdict solely upon the evidence presented and the instructions on the law given by the court.” Bryant v. State, 656 So. 2d 426, 428 (Fla.1995). “The juror should be excused if there is any reasonable doubt about the juror’s ability to render an impartial verdict.” Turner v. State, 645 So. 2d 444, 447 (Fla.1994). Here, Patterson expressed great reluctance to consider a voluntary intoxication defense. His answers on voir dire raised a reasonable doubt as to his ability to render an impartial verdict. Thus, the trial court should have excused Patterson for cause.

Contrary to the state’s argument, the error cannot be deemed harmless. In Hill v. State, 477 So. 2d 553, 556 (Fla.1985), the supreme court held that the trial court’s refusal to dismiss a juror for cause was not harmless error because:

[I]t abridged appellant’s right to peremptory challenges by reducing the number of those challenges available [to] him. Florida and most other jurisdictions adhere to the general rule that it is reversible error for a court to force a party to use peremptory challenges on persons who should have been excused for cause, provided the party subsequently exhausts all of his or her peremptory challenges and an additional challenge is sought and denied. See Gill v. State, 683 So. 2d 158 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996). Here, Ferrell had to use an peremptory challenge on Patterson, who should have been excused for cause. The trial court then denied Ferrell an additional peremptory to strike Milton. The trial court’s rulings reduced the number of peremptory challenges available to Ferrell. Thus, we reverse Ferrell’s judgment and sentence for two counts of aggravated battery and remand for a new trial.

Reversed and remanded.

FRANK, A.C.J., and BLUE, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Bryant v. State, 765 So. 2d 68 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000)
    …t his or her preconceived opinions or attitudes.”), review denied, 654 So. 2d 920 (Fla.1995). As the failure to strike a juror for cause is not subject to a harmless error analysis, we reverse and remand for a new trial. See, e.g., Ferrell v. State, 697 So. 2d 198, 199-200 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997); Street v. State, 592 So. 2d 369, 372 (Fla. 4th DCA), review denied, 599 So. 2d 658 (Fla.1992). REVERSED and REMANDED. GUNTHER and KLEIN, JJ. . The original opinion indicated that appellant was charged with sexual batt…
  • van Poyck v. Singletary, 715 So. 2d 930 (Fla. 1998)
    …rt, but whether the juror has demonstrated by her responses to all inquiries that she has an open mind on the issues being tried and can ultimately consider the evidence presented and render an unbiased decision. See Lusk; see also Ferrell v. State, 697 So. 2d 198, 198 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997) (reversing defendant’s conviction where juror should have been excused because his reluctance to consider voluntary intoxication defense raised reasonable doubt as to ability to render impartial verdict). An examination of th…
  • Wells v. State, 766 So. 2d 1129 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)
    …v. State, 656 So. 2d 426, 428 (Fla.1995). Ms. Meyers’ and Ms. Brooks’ responses during voir dire raised a reasonable doubt as to whether they could lay their preconceptions about firearms and voluntary intoxication aside. See e.g., Ferrell v. State, 697 So. 2d 198 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997) (finding trial court erred by not excusing juror for cause who expressed reluctance to consider voluntary intoxication as a defense); Ferguson v. State, 693 So. 2d 596 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997) (finding jurors should have been excused fo…

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