BELLSOUTH ADVERTISING & PUBLISHING CORP., PETITIONER,
v.
SECURITY BANK, N.A., RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1997-08-21
No. 89311
KOGAN, C.J., and OVERTON, GRIMES, WELLS and ANSTEAD, JJ., concur., HARDING, J., dissents with an opinion, in which SHAW, J., concurs., SHAW, J., concurs.
698 So. 2d 254 Florida Supreme Court (1997) Positive Treatment
Cited by 30 cases

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Synopsis

The Florida Supreme Court addressed whether a statute imposing liability on a garnishee for the full amount of the plaintiff's judgment applies to post-judgment garnishments. The Court held that the statute only applies to prejudgment garnishments, requiring notice and proof of damages for post-judgment garnishments.


Holding

No, section 77.081(2) applies only to prejudgment writs of garnishment. In post-judgment garnishments, a plaintiff must provide notice of trial on damages and adduce proof of the amount of the debtor's funds held by the garnishee, even after a default.


Headnotes

[1] A writ of garnishment asserts a claim for an unliquidated sum when seeking to recover funds held by a garnishee.

[2] A statute imposing a penalty for a garnishee's failure to answer applies only to prejudgment writs of garnishment.

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Key Quotes

“BellSouth’s garnishment claim against Security Bank was for an unliquidated sum. Thus, BellSouth was required to give notice of trial on damages and to adduce proof of the amount of Garfield’s money held by Security Bank.”

Establishes the requirement for notice and proof of damages in post-judgment garnishments.

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Facts & Procedural History

BellSouth obtained a default judgment against Security Bank for failing to answer a writ of garnishment seeking funds of BellSouth's debtor, Garfield.…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

We have for review Security Bank, N.A. v. BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corp., 679 So. 2d 795 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996), based upon express and direct conflict with the opinions in International Travel Card, Inc. v. R.C. Hasler, Inc., 411 So. 2d 215 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), Sentry Indemnity Co. v. Hendricks Enterprises, 371 So. 2d 1105 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979), and Hauser v. Dr. Chatelier’s Plant Food Co., 350 So. 2d 548 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977). We have jurisdiction pursuant to article V, section 3(b)(3) of the Florida Constitution.

BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation obtained a judgment against Garfield & Associates for $36,576. Garfield was a customer of Security Bank. BellSouth served Security Bank with a writ of garnishment, seeking any of Garfield’s funds that the bank was holding. BellSouth obtained a default judgment against Security Bank after the bank failed to answer the writ of garnishment. Without further notice to Security Bank, the trial court entered an ex parte final judgment in favor of BellSouth for $36,-576 (the same amount as BellSouth’s underlying judgment against Garfield). The trial court conducted no hearing as to damages. Several days after the judgment was filed, Security Bank filed a motion to set aside the final judgment against it on the grounds that its failure to timely answer was based on excusable neglect and that it held only $374.21 belonging to Garfield. The trial court denied the motion to set aside the final judgment. Security Bank appealed to the Third District Court of Appeal.

On appeal, the district court affirmed in part and reversed in part. The district court affirmed the trial court’s refusal to set aside the default on liability because the facts constituting excusable neglect were only set forth in an unsworn motion and were unsupported by affidavit or other proof. Security Bank, 679 So. 2d at 798. However, the district court determined that Security Bank’s motion should have been granted insofar as it sought to set aside the final judgment on damages. The district court concluded that the writ of garnishment sought to recover an unliquidated sum from Security Bank in that it sought to obtain whatever money Garfield had on deposit with the Bank. Id. The district court found that section 77.06(1), Florida Statutes (1995),1 only allowed Bell- South to satisfy its judgment against debtor Garfield by garnishing any of Garfield’s money or property held by the garnishee bank. Thus, the district court concluded that final judgment could not be entered against the garnishee bank after default without notice of trial on damages. Id. at 799-800. Bell-South had argued that on default section 77.081(2), Florida Statutes (1995),2 creates a penalty so that the garnishee becomes liable for the full amount of a plaintiffs underlying judgment against the original defendant. Id. at 800-01. However, the district court found section 77.081(2) only applicable to prejudgment garnishment and further concluded that when this section is read in pari materia with the rest of the garnishment statute, it was clear that Security Bank’s liability in default could not exceed the amount prescribed in section 77.06(1). Id. at 801. Judge Jorgenson dissented from the majority’s decision regarding damages because he found the amount of damages to be “fully liquidated” based upon the fact that the writ of garnishment included a clear statement of the amount of the judgment against Garfield. Id. at 804-05 (Jorgenson, J., dissenting).

This Court accepted review on the basis of conflict with International Travel Card, Sentry Indemnity, and Hauser on the issue of whether section 77.081(2) applies to a postjudgment writ of garnishment. In the instant case, the district court specifically held that the statute applies only to a prejudgment writ of garnishment. In contrast, the conflict cases apply the statute to post-judgment garnishment without further discussion.

We agree with the district court’s interpretation of the garnishment statute. Because the majority opinion below includes a well-reasoned and exhaustive discussion of this issue, we adopt its reasoning as our own. We further agree with the district court that the final judgment against the Bank should have been vacated as to damages. Bell-South’s garnishment claim against Security Bank was for an unliquidated sum. Thus, BellSouth was required to give notice of trial on damages and to adduce proof of the amount of Garfield’s money held by Security Bank.3

Accordingly, we find that section 77.081(2) applies only to a prejudgment writ of garnishment and that a writ of garnishment under chapter 77 asserts a claim for an unliq-uidated sum. We disapprove the opinions in the conflict cases to the extent that they hold otherwise. We approve the decision below.

It is so ordered.

KOGAN, C.J., and OVERTON, GRIMES, WELLS and ANSTEAD, JJ., concur. HARDING, J., dissents with an opinion, in which SHAW, J., concurs.

. Section 77.06, Florida Statutes (1995), specifies the effect of a writ of garnishment. The statute provides in pertinent part:

(1) Service of the writ shall make garnishee liable for all debts due by him or her to defendant and for any tangible or intangible personal property of defendant in the garnishee’s possession or control at the time of the service of the writ or at any time between the service and the time of the garnishee’s answer. . Section 77.081, Florida Statutes (1995), provides:
(1) If the garnishee fails to answer as required, a default shall be entered against him or her. (2) On the entry of judgment for plaintiff, a final judgment shall be entered against the garnishee for the amount of plaintiff's claim with interests and costs. No final judgment against a garnishee shall be entered before the entiy of, or in excess of, the final judgment against the original defendant with interest and costs. If the claim of the plaintiff is dismissed or judgment is entered against the plaintiff the default against garnishee shall be vacated and judgment for garnishee's costs entered.

. We do not address the other issue raised by BellSouth.

Dissent
HARDING, Judge,

HARDING, Judge,

dissenting.

The interpretation of the garnishment statute that the majority adopts renders the default provision a nullity. It is also contrary to the common understanding of Florida’s garnishment statute, as evidenced by opinions from other courts. See, e.g., Loftin v. Rush, 767 F. 2d 800, 808 (11th Cir.1985) (citing section 77.081 as an example of a statute that renders defaulting garnishee liable for the entire claim of the judgment creditor); Sentry Indemnity Co. v. Hendricks Enters., 371 So. 2d 1105 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979) (applying section 77.081 to post-judgment garnishment).

I agree with Judge Jorgenson’s dissenting opinion below and endorse his reasoning as the better interpretation of the garnishment statute. Judge Jorgenson makes the follow ing cogent points. The primary purpose of the garnishee’s answer to the writ of garnishment is “to establish the garnishee’s position on the amount of assets in the garnishee’s possession available to satisfy the garnishor’s judgment against the defendant.” Security Bank, 679 So. 2d at 804 (Jorgenson, J., dissenting); accord § 77.06(2), Fla. Stat. (1995). After service of the writ of garnishment, the first thing that should have been established by an answer was the amount of Garfield’s money that Security Bank was holding to satisfy the previously liquidated judgment debt against Garfield. The amount of that previous judgment was clearly stated in the writ and motion for writ of garnishment. Without a hearing, the statute limits a judgment to that amount stated in the writ and it is a liquidated sum. It does not become unliquidated simply because the bank refuses to tell how much of the defendant’s money it has on deposit. By failing or refusing to answer, Security Bank in essence said, “We are not going to tell you how much we are holding.” If a garnishee either fails or chooses not to answer and a final judgment for the stated liquidated sum is not authorized, then the sanction of default is rendered a nullity in garnishment proceedings. Security Bank, 679 So. 2d at 804-05 (Jorgenson, J., dissenting).

Security Bank had two opportunities to show why the default judgment should be set aside. In both instances, the bank failed to make the proper showing of excusable neglect. Id. at 797. The facts constituting excusable neglect were set forth in an un-sworn motion and were unsupported by any affidavit or other proof. Id. Thus, the trial court properly refused to set aside the default based upon this motion. I would affirm that decision in its entirety.

I respectfully submit that the legislature should review section 77.081 and clarify whether this default provision applies to both prejudgment and postjudgment garnishments. I note that other jurisdictions have enacted statutory schemes that hold a defaulting garnishee liable for the entire amount owed by the judgment debtor. See, e.g., Webb v. Erickson, 134 Ariz. 182, 187, 655 P. 2d 6, 11 (1982); Mississippi Action for Community Educ. v. Montgomery, 404 So. 2d 320, 322 (Miss.1981); see also Ga.Code Ann. § 18-4-115(a) (1996); N.M. Stat. Ann. § 35-12-4 B (Miehie 1978).

It has been suggested that this is a case of first impression for this Court. However, I am convinced that it is only a case of first impression because only the court below has read the garnishment statute to require notice of a hearing on damages after a default where the amount of the judgment against the defendant is clearly stated in the writ.

SHAW, J., concurs.


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Cited By (16 total)

  • Cellular Warehouse, Inc. v. GH Cellular, LLC, 957 So. 2d 662 (Fla. 3d DCA 2007)
    …1st DCA 1998). Indeed, “[t]he setting of un-liquidated damages without the required notice and without proof is regarded as fundamental error.” Security Bank, N.A. v. BellSouth Adver. & Publ’g Corp., 679 So. 2d 795, 800 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996), approved, 698 So. 2d 254, 256 (Fla.1997); see also, Williams v. Direct Dispensing, Inc., 630 So. 2d 1195 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994); Buffington v. Torcise, 504 So. 2d 490 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987). Contrary to GH Cellular’s assertion, the relevant notice to which Cellular Warehouse was e…
  • Dickinson v. Marla E. Gonzalez, 839 So. 2d 709 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003)
    …the trial court. We disagree. Under our eases, it is fundamental error to impose compensatory damages on a nonexistent cause of action. See Security Bank, N.A. v. BellSouth Advertising & Pub. Corp., 679 So. 2d 795, 803 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996), approved, 698 So. 2d 254 (Fla.1997); Keyes Co. v. Sens, 382 So. 2d 1273, 1276 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). III. The Department argues that sovereign immunity bars an award against the Department based on false arrest. The Department points out that under part II of Trianon Park Co…
  • Meldon Rich v. Essie Spivey and Mary Grimsley, 922 So. 2d 326 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006)
    …mony to ascertain facts upon which to base a value judgment.” Sec. Bank, N.A. v. BellSouth Adver. & Publ’g Corp., 679 So. 2d 795, 800 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996) (quoting Bowman v. Kingsland Dev., Inc., 432 So. 2d 660, 662-63 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983)), approved, 698 So. 2d 254 (Fla.1997). Accord. Gulf Maint. & Supply, Inc. v. Barnett Bank of Tallahassee, 543 So. 2d 813, 818 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989). Rich claims that his specific requests for $2,828 for personal property, $1,399 for household items, and for a lot in Pensacola…

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