EDWARD E. VINCENT, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The court held that revoking probation for failure to pay restitution requires a current finding of ability to pay, not reliance on a prior determination.
[1] A trial court must determine a defendant's ability to pay restitution at the time of the original sentencing and again before revoking probation for non-payment.
[2] A trial court abuses its discretion by revoking probation for failure to pay restitution without a current finding of the defendant's ability to pay.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceEdward E. Vincent's probation was revoked for failing to serve ordered jail time and pay restitution. His probation was previously modified due to a s…
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PER CURIAM.
The appellant, Edward E. Vincent, appeals the trial court’s order revoking his probation for failing to serve the jail time ordered as a condition of probation and for failing to pay restitution to the victim. We reverse in part and affirm in part.
Vincent was originally ordered to serve twenty-five weekends in the county jail during a period of one year. He suffered a stroke and was unable to comply with this condition of his probation. The trial court modified the probation by adding six months in which Vincent could serve the jail time. According to the order as modified, he could report to the jail on weekends or on weekdays at any time between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. until a total of fifty days were served.
In the original probation order, Vincent also was ordered to pay $541,450.00 in restitution, $30,000 due at the time of the order and then $350 per month. He paid the $30,-000 but was unable to pay the ordered monthly installments. When the court modified Vincent’s probation to extend the time for reporting to the jail, the restitution was modified as well. Instead of a fixed amount in monthly installments, Vincent’s restitution was set at twenty-five percent of his net income per month.
After this modification, the state filed an affidavit of violation alleging that Vincent had failed to comply with the terms of his probation. At the revocation hearing, the trial court, after finding that Vincent had violated both conditions, revoked his probation and sentenced him to fifteen years in prison followed by fifteen years probation. We affirm without discussion the tidal court’s finding of a violation of the condition regarding county jail time, but reverse the trial court’s finding of a violation of the condition concerning restitution.
The trial court reasoned that Vincent’s ability to pay restitution was taken into account when he was ordered to pay twenty-five percent of his net income as restitution. During the revocation hearing, defense counsel argued that there were some months in which Vincent’s expenses exceeded his monthly income. The court then clarified that the twenty-five percent was to be paid like income tax, before any other expenses were deducted. This discussion concluded with the following statements:
Koran: (Defense counsel) Well, Judge, I think if I understand the law on restitution, essentially we’re discussing whether or not he has the ability to pay, and—
Court: Right, and we went through that before. I’ve been through that previously. I’ve determined that his ability to pay is based upon twenty-five percent of whatever his net income might be, therefore, leaving him seventy-five percent of his net income for his own personal living expenses. What I’m saying is I’ve been through that road with Mr. Vincent previously.
Following this discourse and further testimony on Vincent’s financial condition which demonstrated that his bills for most of the months in question exceeded his income, the trial court found that Vincent had the ability to pay twenty-five percent of his net income and thus, his failure to do so was a willful and substantial violation of his probation.
While the trial court made a finding of fact on the record that Vincent had the ability to pay, this finding appears to have been based not on the evidence introduced during the revocation hearing, but on the previous determination of ability to pay that the trial court had made when it modified Vincent’s probation. This automatic fact-finding resulted in imprisonment without a determination of Vincent’s ability to pay in violation of his right to due process and equal protection of the law as well as the prohibition against imprisonment for failure to pay a debt. See Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 103 S.Ct. 2064, 76 L.Ed.2d 221 (1983); Stephens v. State, 630 So. 2d 1090 (Fla.1994) aff'g Hamrick v. State, 519 So. 2d 81 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988). In order to revoke a defendant’s probation based on a failure to pay restitution, a trial court must find that the defendant had the ability to pay the restitution not only “before ordering restitution [but also] before revoking probation for failure to pay restitution imposed as a condition thereof.” [citations omitted] Anthony v. State, 574 So. 2d 266 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991); See also Earle v. State, 519 So. 2d 757 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988). The trial court’s failure to make such a finding in this case was an abuse of discretion and requires a reversal on this issue. Since we cannot determine if the court would have revoked appellant’s probation solely for the jail time violation, we remand this case for further proceedings.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
ALLEN, WEBSTER and PADOVANO, JJ., concur.
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Noel v. State, 127 So. 3d 769 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013)…ot made a reasonable bona fide effort to pay or, if he has made such effort, that an alternative punishment will not satisfy the penalogieal [sic] interests of the government.” (citing Bearden, 461 U.S. at 668-69, 103 S.Ct. 2064)); Vincent v. State, 699 So. 2d 806, 807 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) (“While the trial court made a finding of fact on the record that Vincent had the ability to pay, this finding appears to have been based not on the evidence introduced during the revocation hearing, but on the previous dete…
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Martin v. State, 937 So. 2d 714 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006)…1225 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) (reversing because “the record will not support the finding regarding the failure to pay monetary obligations because the trial court did not find that appellant had the ability to pay those obligations”); Vincent v. State, 699 So. 2d 806, 807 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) (holding that it was an abuse of discretion for a trial court to revoke probation for failing to pay restitution based on stale facts, and stating that “[t]his automatic fact-finding resulted in imprisonment without a determ…
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Whidden v. State, 701 So. 2d 1224 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997)…ure to make monthly reports. However, the record will not support the finding regarding the failure to pay monetary obligations because the trial court did not find that appellant had the ability to pay those obligations. See e.g., Vincent v. State, 699 So. 2d 806 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997). It is not clear to us that the trial court would have revoked appellant’s probation based solely upon the failure to make monthly reports. Accordingly, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings consi…
Authorities Cited
- Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660 (U.S. 1983)
- Stephens v. State, 630 So. 2d 1090 (Fla. 1994)
- Earle v. State, 519 So. 2d 757 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988)
- Hamrick v. State, 519 So. 2d 81 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
- Anthony v. State, 574 So. 2d 266 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991)