UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION, A RECIPROCAL INTERINSURANCE EXCHANGE, PETITIONER,
v.
DALE E. JENNINGS, JR., AND TAMMY M. JENNINGS, RESPONDENTS

Fla. 1st DCA | 1998-02-23
No. 97-2668
BOOTH, WOLF and VAN NORTWICK, JJ., concur.
707 So. 2d 384 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1998) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

In this original proceeding, USAA sought to quash a discovery order requiring production of privileged materials from its insurance claims file in a third-party bad-faith action. The court held that a stipulation serving as the functional equivalent of an excess judgment does not shield attorney-client and work product privileged materials from discovery, and the court certified a question of great public importance to the Florida Supreme Court.


Holding

The court held that a third-party bad-faith claimant is entitled to discovery of the insurer's entire claims file notwithstanding attorney-client or work product privilege assertions, whether the claim proceeds under a Cunningham stipulation or an excess judgment, as the third party stands in the shoes of the insured.


Headnotes

[1] In a third-party bad-faith action, the third party generally stands in the shoes of the insured and is entitled to discovery of the insurer's entire claims file on the un…

[2] A stipulation serving as the functional equivalent of an excess judgment in a third-party bad-faith action does not alter the broad scope of discovery generally available…

Previewing 2 of 3 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“Generally, the third party in a third party bad-faith action stands in-the shoes of the insured and is entitled, therefore, to discovery of the insurer's entire claims file on the underlying tort claim up to the date of an excess judgment, notwithstanding any objections from the insurer based on the attorney-client or work product privileges.”

Establishes the controlling rule that third-party bad-faith claimants have broad discovery rights to the insurer's claims file despite privilege assertions.

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

In December 1993, the insured's son collided with Dale Jennings' vehicle. Settlement negotiations between respondents and USAA broke down in May 1994,…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

In this original proceeding, petitioner asks this court to quash a discovery order compelling production in a third party bad-faith action of the insurance claims file relating to the underlying tort litigation. The bad-faith action was initiated after the parties stipulated that it would not be necessary for the respondents to obtain an excess judgment as a prerequisite to filing the claim. Petitioner argues that while the stipulation allowed respondents to pursue their third party bad-faith claim in the absence of an excess judgment, that agreement does not allow respondents to discover attorney-client and work product privileged materials. We disagree and deny the petition.

In December 1993, the son of petitioner’s insured, who was driving the insured vehicle, collided head-on with a car driven by respondent Dale Jennings. Respondents initiated settlement negotiations with petitioner in March 1994. Those negotiations broke down in May 1994 and respondents filed suit against petitioner’s insured.

In November 1994, respondents and petitioner’s insured executed a settlement agreement which conditionally released all respondents’ claims against the insured in exchange for the right to pursue a third party bad-faith claim against petitioner. Petitioner, respondents, and the insured then executed a stipulation specifically granting respondents the right to pursue their third party bad-faith claim against petitioner in the absence of an excess judgment. The stipulation specifically stated that it would “serve as the functional equivalent of an excess judgment in the amount of $75,000” in accordance with the Florida Supreme Court’s decision in Cunningham v. Standard Guaranty Ins. Co., 630 So. 2d 179 (Fla.1994).

Neither the settlement agreement between respondents and the insured nor the Cunningham stipulation specifically addressed whether respondents would be entitled to discovery of the entire claims file during the third party bad-faith action, notwithstanding any attorney-client or work product privileges. When respondents sought discovery of the entire claims file during the bad-faith case, petitioner objected on grounds that the requested material was protected by both the attorney-client and work product privileges. The trial court compelled production of the entire claims file over petitioner’s objection. Generally, the third party in a third party bad-faith action stands in-the shoes of the insured and is entitled, therefore, to discovery of the insurer’s entire claims file on the underlying tort claim up to the date of an excess judgment, notwithstanding any objections from the insurer based on the attorney-client or work product privileges. See, e.g., Dunn v. Nat’l Sec. Fire & Cas. Co., 631 So. 2d 1103, 1109 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993); Continental Cos. Co. v. Aqua Jet Filter Sys., Inc., 620 So. 2d 1141, 1142 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993). While there is no case law discussing whether this broad scope of discovery'is available in a case involving a Cunningham stipulation rather than an excess judgment, we see no reason why the two circumstances should be treated differently. We therefore deny the petition, but certify the following question as being one of great public importance:

WHETHER THE FACT THAT A THIRD PARTY BAD-FAITH CLAIM HAS BEEN BROUGHT PURSUANT TO A CUNNINGHAM STIPULATION RATHER THAN AN EXCESS JUDGMENT MAKES ANY DIFFERENCE WHEN ATTORNEY-CLIENT AND WORK PRODUCT PRIVILEGES ARE ASSERTED DURING DISCOVERY IN THE BAD FAITH ACTION AS TO MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THE CLAIMS FILE?

BOOTH, WOLF and VAN NORTWICK, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • United Servs. Auto. Ass'n v. Jennings, 731 So. 2d 1258 (Fla. 1999)
    …WELLS, J. We review United Services Automobile Ass’n v. Jennings, 707 So. 2d 384 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998), in which the district court certified the following question as being of great public importance: WHETHER THE FACT THAT A THIRD PARTY BAD-FAITH CLAIM HAS BEEN BROUGHT PURSUANT TO A CUNNINGHAM1 STIPULATION RATHER THAN PURSUANT T…
  • …lony Ins. Co. v. Gutierrez, 325 So. 2d 416, 417 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976) (“As a third party beneficiary of the insurance policy, Gutierrez [the plaintiff] stands in the same posture as that of Brown, the insured.”); United Servs. Auto. Ass’n v. Jennings, 707 So. 2d 384, 385 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998) (“Generally, the third party in a third party bad-faith action stands in the shoes of the insured[.]”), aff’d 731 So. 2d 1258 (Fla. 1999); Ilias v. USAA Gen. Indem. Co., 545 F. Supp. 3d 1296, 1301 (M.D. Fla. June 24, 2021) (…

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw